Chem Exam 3

extra terms

remove reactant =

shift left

remove product =

shift right

exothermic =

shift left

endothermic 

shift right

pKa itself is….

non extensive

increase of pressure =

fewer moles

pKa (acid left) < pKa (acid right)

• left is stronger

• rxn goes right

• rxn is extensive (favors products)

pKa left > pKa right 

• rxn goes left 

• not extensive forward direction 

Rxn favors side with

higher pKa (weaker acid)

weaker acid

• smaller Ka

• Larger pKa

lower pKa = 

stronger acid

what makes a conjugate base more stable

• negative charge on a more electronegative atom

• larger atoms stabilize charge better

• resonance stabilization

• hybridization

catalyst

• lowers activation energy

• does not affect equilibrium

• speeds up fwd and rvse rates equally

stronger acid = 

• larger Ka 

• smaller pKa 

• forms more stable base (dissociates more)