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Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
A white supremacist group started in 1865 that intended hate towards other races, specifically African Americans
Omaha Platform and the Ocala Demands
In 1892 Farmers alliance founded the people's party, and the ocala demands were incorporated into the party's Omaha platform
Cornelius Vanderbilt
A shipping and railroad tycoon who was a self made millionaire in the 19th century, who became one of the richest men in America
Gustavus Swift
The inventor of refrigerated railroad cars
10% plan
a plan put in place by Lincoln in 1863, saying that the southern states cannot be joined back in unless 10% of the 1860 vote take an oath of allegiance to the Union
13th Amendment (1865)
was the main end to slavery (abolished it)
14th Amendment (1868)
states all people born in the country are citizens regardless of it parents are not
15th Amendment (1870)
anyone can vote even if you are white, black, or another race
black codes
Laws passed by southern states in 1865-1866 in attempt to restrict the rights and freedom of African Americans, and saying they need to work for low wages (debt)
Radical Reconstruction
It restored the US to an unified nation, new loyalty to government, new amendments (13, 14, 15), blacks were entitled same rights as everyone else
Thaddeus Stevens
A member of the US HOR from PA and served as a radical republican leader
"Cross of Gold"
Was a speech spoke by William Jennings Bryan, a former rep from NE
Dawes Act
authorized the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land and divide it into pieces for individual Native Americans in 1887
Earl Weaver
baseball player
Frederick Jackson Turner
An american historian that was best known for his "frontier thesis"
Homestead Act
Several laws where someone could gain ownership of government land or public domain
Populist Party
An agrarian based political movement that became a party in which was preceded by the Farmers alliance founded in 1891
William Jennings Bryan
Became Nebraska congressman in 1890, in 1896 he was at the Democratic convention with his "Cross of Gold" speech
Andrew Carnegie
A steel tycoon, when working on the railroad, he began to make investments (especially in the oil industry) and his business eventually became known as the Carnegie Steel Company
Columbian Exchange
The Chicago World's Fair in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival to the new world in 1492
Henry Frick
The developer of the coke and steel business in which competed with the Carnegie Steel Company, his labor practices helped lead the homestead strike
Jay Gould
An american railroad executive, financer, and speculator and was one of the worst robber barons of the 19th century
J.P. Morgan
An american financier and banker who established J.P. Morgan & Company in 1895
John Rockefeller
Built his 1st oil refinery in 1870 that was incorporated into the Standard Oil Company, by 1882 he had a near monopoly of the oil business
Henry George
A land reformer and economist who proposed a single tax that the state tax away all economic rent and the income from the use of bare land but not from improvements
Imperialism
A state government that was extending its power to other territories
Karl Marx/Socialism
It is the phase of economic development and a set of social relations that supersede capitalism in historical materialism
Nativism
The policy of protecting the interests of native-born inhabitants against those of immigrants
Social Darwinism
The theory that individuals, groups, and people are exposed to the same laws of natural selection as plants and animals, later it was used to justify political, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform
Social Gospel
Christian faith that was practiced as a call not just for personal conversation but for social reform
William Graham Sumner
Liberal american social scientist
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
In 1882 it was passed by congress stating that very few chinese could enter the country
McKinley Tariff of 1890
In 1890, McKinley, a member of the HOR proposed a tariff bill that placed taxes on foreign goods
Interstate Commerce Act
A United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices
Munn vs. Illinois
(1877) Supreme Court ruled that stated could regulate businesses clothed w/ a "public interest" including railroads. Went against "Granger laws" in which farmers wanted to fix max freight rates and warehouse charge against grain elevators
Plessy vs. Ferguson
It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality - a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal"
Sherman Antitrust Act
Was a United States antitrust law that was passed by Congress under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison, which regulates competition among enterprises
AF of L
A labor union created by Samuel Gompers that was the ONLY labor union that only accepted skilled workers
Eugene V. Debs
An American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States.
Haymarket Riot
The aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday, May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago.
Homestead Strike
Workers under Andrew Carnegie protested a wage cut, which turned violent fast. This was a major setback for the workers but showed big companies people would fight back
Kinights of Labor
An American labor federation active in the late 19th century, especially the 1880s.
Pullman Strike
A nationwide railroad strike in the United States that lasted from May 11 to July 20, 1894, and a turning point for US labor law.
Pure Unionism
Coined by Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), in a speech at the 1890 AFL convention in Detroit in which he opposed the inclusion of political parties in trade union organizations.
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
In response to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad cutting wages of workers for the third time in a year. Striking workers would not allow any of the trains, mainly freight trains, to roll until this third wage cut was revoked.
Samuel Gompers
Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor, and served as the organization's president from 1886 to 1894, and from 1895 until his death in 1924.
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Was a United States naval officer and historian, whom John Keegan , strategist for them
Open Door Policy
A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.
Philippine Insurrection
was a battle fought in result of the US trying to annex the Philippines after an American patrol shot a Filipino guerilla
Platt Amendment
The Platt Amendment was basically a set of conditions that Cuba would have to meet for the United States to pull troops out of there.
Porfirio Diaz
Porfirio Diaz was a soldier and also a president of Mexico, who established a strong centralized state that he held under control for 3 decades.
Spanish-American War
In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence
Teller Amendment
After the Spanish-American war, Senator Henry M. Teller drafted an amendment which basically said they wouldn't annex or control Cuba completely, to please the anti- imperialist
Yellow Journalism
is an exaggeration of news n stuff and the main purpose was to attract readers and catch their attentions
Booker T. Washington
African American who supported segregation said the blacks needed to better themselves individually to have equality.
Flappers
Young women of the 1920s that showed more skin and stayed out late
George Creel
Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI
Jane Addams
Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class, in 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S.
Madison Grant
Passing of the Great Race, was known primarily for his work as a eugenicist and conservationist
Marcus Garvey
African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa
Muckrakers
Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, etc.
Warren G. Harding
president who called for a return to normalcy following WWI
Calvin Coolidge
Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.
Herbert Hoover
(1929-1933) The New York Stock Market Crashes October 29, 1929 "Black Tuesday". The 20th Amendment is passed and added and the 21st Amendment is passed by 1933.
Progressives
A belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion
W.EB. DuBois
1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910
The Elkins Act (1903)
gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers
The Johnson-Red Act (1924)
limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota
The National Origins Act (1925)
Very restrictive immigration legislation passed in 1924, which lowered immigration to 2 percent of each nationality
Sedition Act of 1918
added to Espionage Act to cover "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces
16th Amendment
income tax
17th Amendment
Direct election of senators
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote
The League of Nations
an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations
W. Wilson's "14 Points"
After the war it was President Wilson's idea of world peace that was called the 14 Points. They were based on the principle of justice for all people, 14th Points, League of Nations
Zimmerman Telegram
A secret telegram sent by Germans to encourage a Mexican attack against the United States, intercepted by the US in 1917.
Melting Pot
the mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples that has changed the American nation. The United States, with its history of immigration
Modernism
A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated
Nativism
A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones
Progressive Movement
aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life
"Return to Normalcy" (1920s)
After World War I 1919-20s, when Harding was President, the US and Britain returned to isolationism
The Square Deal
Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers
First Red Scare
widespread fear of Communism in the US during the 1920s after the revolution in Russia
Scopes Trial
1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers