OnRamps US History Spring Midterm

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

A white supremacist group started in 1865 that intended hate towards other races, specifically African Americans

Omaha Platform and the Ocala Demands

In 1892 Farmers alliance founded the people's party, and the ocala demands were incorporated into the party's Omaha platform

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A shipping and railroad tycoon who was a self made millionaire in the 19th century, who became one of the richest men in America

Gustavus Swift

The inventor of refrigerated railroad cars

10% plan

a plan put in place by Lincoln in 1863, saying that the southern states cannot be joined back in unless 10% of the 1860 vote take an oath of allegiance to the Union

13th Amendment (1865)

was the main end to slavery (abolished it)

14th Amendment (1868)

states all people born in the country are citizens regardless of it parents are not

15th Amendment (1870)

anyone can vote even if you are white, black, or another race

black codes

Laws passed by southern states in 1865-1866 in attempt to restrict the rights and freedom of African Americans, and saying they need to work for low wages (debt)

Radical Reconstruction

It restored the US to an unified nation, new loyalty to government, new amendments (13, 14, 15), blacks were entitled same rights as everyone else

Thaddeus Stevens

A member of the US HOR from PA and served as a radical republican leader

"Cross of Gold"

Was a speech spoke by William Jennings Bryan, a former rep from NE

Dawes Act

authorized the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land and divide it into pieces for individual Native Americans in 1887

Earl Weaver

baseball player

Frederick Jackson Turner

An american historian that was best known for his "frontier thesis"

Homestead Act

Several laws where someone could gain ownership of government land or public domain

Populist Party

An agrarian based political movement that became a party in which was preceded by the Farmers alliance founded in 1891

William Jennings Bryan

Became Nebraska congressman in 1890, in 1896 he was at the Democratic convention with his "Cross of Gold" speech

Andrew Carnegie

A steel tycoon, when working on the railroad, he began to make investments (especially in the oil industry) and his business eventually became known as the Carnegie Steel Company

Columbian Exchange

The Chicago World's Fair in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival to the new world in 1492

Henry Frick

The developer of the coke and steel business in which competed with the Carnegie Steel Company, his labor practices helped lead the homestead strike

Jay Gould

An american railroad executive, financer, and speculator and was one of the worst robber barons of the 19th century

J.P. Morgan

An american financier and banker who established J.P. Morgan & Company in 1895

John Rockefeller

Built his 1st oil refinery in 1870 that was incorporated into the Standard Oil Company, by 1882 he had a near monopoly of the oil business

Henry George

A land reformer and economist who proposed a single tax that the state tax away all economic rent and the income from the use of bare land but not from improvements

Imperialism

A state government that was extending its power to other territories

Karl Marx/Socialism

It is the phase of economic development and a set of social relations that supersede capitalism in historical materialism

Nativism

The policy of protecting the interests of native-born inhabitants against those of immigrants

Social Darwinism

The theory that individuals, groups, and people are exposed to the same laws of natural selection as plants and animals, later it was used to justify political, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform

Social Gospel

Christian faith that was practiced as a call not just for personal conversation but for social reform

William Graham Sumner

Liberal american social scientist

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

In 1882 it was passed by congress stating that very few chinese could enter the country

McKinley Tariff of 1890

In 1890, McKinley, a member of the HOR proposed a tariff bill that placed taxes on foreign goods

Interstate Commerce Act

A United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices

Munn vs. Illinois

(1877) Supreme Court ruled that stated could regulate businesses clothed w/ a "public interest" including railroads. Went against "Granger laws" in which farmers wanted to fix max freight rates and warehouse charge against grain elevators

Plessy vs. Ferguson

It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality - a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal"

Sherman Antitrust Act

Was a United States antitrust law that was passed by Congress under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison, which regulates competition among enterprises

AF of L

A labor union created by Samuel Gompers that was the ONLY labor union that only accepted skilled workers

Eugene V. Debs

An American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States.

Haymarket Riot

The aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday, May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago.

Homestead Strike

Workers under Andrew Carnegie protested a wage cut, which turned violent fast. This was a major setback for the workers but showed big companies people would fight back

Kinights of Labor

An American labor federation active in the late 19th century, especially the 1880s.

Pullman Strike

A nationwide railroad strike in the United States that lasted from May 11 to July 20, 1894, and a turning point for US labor law.

Pure Unionism

Coined by Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), in a speech at the 1890 AFL convention in Detroit in which he opposed the inclusion of political parties in trade union organizations.

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

In response to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad cutting wages of workers for the third time in a year. Striking workers would not allow any of the trains, mainly freight trains, to roll until this third wage cut was revoked.

Samuel Gompers

Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor, and served as the organization's president from 1886 to 1894, and from 1895 until his death in 1924.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Was a United States naval officer and historian, whom John Keegan , strategist for them

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Philippine Insurrection

was a battle fought in result of the US trying to annex the Philippines after an American patrol shot a Filipino guerilla

Platt Amendment

The Platt Amendment was basically a set of conditions that Cuba would have to meet for the United States to pull troops out of there.

Porfirio Diaz

Porfirio Diaz was a soldier and also a president of Mexico, who established a strong centralized state that he held under control for 3 decades.

Spanish-American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

Teller Amendment

After the Spanish-American war, Senator Henry M. Teller drafted an amendment which basically said they wouldn't annex or control Cuba completely, to please the anti- imperialist

Yellow Journalism

is an exaggeration of news n stuff and the main purpose was to attract readers and catch their attentions

Booker T. Washington

African American who supported segregation said the blacks needed to better themselves individually to have equality.

Flappers

Young women of the 1920s that showed more skin and stayed out late

George Creel

Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI

Jane Addams

Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class, in 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S.

Madison Grant

Passing of the Great Race, was known primarily for his work as a eugenicist and conservationist

Marcus Garvey

African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa

Muckrakers

Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, etc.

Warren G. Harding

president who called for a return to normalcy following WWI

Calvin Coolidge

Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.

Herbert Hoover

(1929-1933) The New York Stock Market Crashes October 29, 1929 "Black Tuesday". The 20th Amendment is passed and added and the 21st Amendment is passed by 1933.

Progressives

A belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion

W.EB. DuBois

1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910

The Elkins Act (1903)

gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers

The Johnson-Red Act (1924)

limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota

The National Origins Act (1925)

Very restrictive immigration legislation passed in 1924, which lowered immigration to 2 percent of each nationality

Sedition Act of 1918

added to Espionage Act to cover "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces

16th Amendment

income tax

17th Amendment

Direct election of senators

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

The League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

W. Wilson's "14 Points"

After the war it was President Wilson's idea of world peace that was called the 14 Points. They were based on the principle of justice for all people, 14th Points, League of Nations

Zimmerman Telegram

A secret telegram sent by Germans to encourage a Mexican attack against the United States, intercepted by the US in 1917.

Melting Pot

the mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples that has changed the American nation. The United States, with its history of immigration

Modernism

A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated

Nativism

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

Progressive Movement

aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life

"Return to Normalcy" (1920s)

After World War I 1919-20s, when Harding was President, the US and Britain returned to isolationism

The Square Deal

Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers

First Red Scare

widespread fear of Communism in the US during the 1920s after the revolution in Russia

Scopes Trial

1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

March 1911 fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors; nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory; led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers