Clayborne Unit Test Cellular Respiration

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to nutrition and cellular respiration, essential for understanding energy dynamics in living organisms.

Calorie

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

Calorie (with a capital 'C')

Also called a kilocalorie (kcal), it is the unit used in nutrition to measure the energy in food, equal to 1,000 small calories.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The amount of energy (calories) your body requires to maintain basic life functions at rest.

Cellular Respiration

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Fermentation

A pathway that occurs in the absence of sufficient oxygen; it regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis to continue producing ATP anaerobically.

Glycolysis

The first stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm.

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

The second stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

The final stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

An energy-rich compound used by cells to store and transfer energy.

Photosynthesis Equation

The reaction that transforms carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, using light energy.

How do calories and Calories differ?

A Calorie (kcal) is 1,000 times larger than a small calorie (cal) and is the unit used in nutrition.

What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration?

Glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2).

What would happen if cellular respiration happened all in one step?

Most energy would be lost as explosive heat and light, preventing effective ATP capture.

Why do the reactions of cellular respiration occur in multiple steps?

To allow cells to capture and store energy gradually in the form of ATP.

The relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis

The raw materials of one process are the products of the other, forming a crucial cycle that sustains life.