After Revolutionary War

The American Revolution Date

1775-1783

What was inspired by the American Revolution

Revolution in France: right of freedom, and rights of governed

Haitian revolution (colony of France): Majority black enslaved population(Caribbean Sea), overthrew French colonial leadership and became their own independent state

National Bank

Hamilton a federalist, he wanted to get all the debt from states from the revolutionary war into a single debt. Democratic Republican thought this was a grab for power at the expense of state power.

Whiskey Rebellion

Washington quickly squashes the farmers rebellion. They believe the whiskey tax is an important way to raise money that the new government needed to thrive. To them the rebels' refusal to obey the law and pay the tax was a major threat to the union.

George Washington

Non-partial to federalist and republican democrats, BUT he did sympathize with federalists ideas and policies a bit more.

Alien Sedition Acts

Passed during John Adams administration: made is legal and vey easy to deport any non citizens of the United States. And made it legal to criticize the U.S. govt publicly.

Loose Constructionists

Federalists had a more flexible interpretation of the government

Strict Constructionists

Republican Democrats believed that government only has powers listed specifically in the constitution.

Who is in the Democratic Republican Party

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison founded this, they advocate for limited government intervention, state rights, and individual liberty.

Louisiana Purchase

U.S. purchased land from France, doubling their territory size and expanding westward.

Maurbrey v Madison

Gave Supreme Court the power of FINAL INTERPRETER of the constitution (judicial review)

Hartford Convention

Secret meeting of Federalist delegates from New England (Maine, Vermont, everything up of New York aka NORTHEAST). Drafted amendments designed to strengthen state power.

What’s the American System

To unify the American economy, through federally funded internal improvements, protected tariffs, second bank of United States

James Madison

President during period 4. He vetoed some provisions on the American system because if disfavored the south, where he’s from. SIDEING with his REGION over nation

Missouri

Missouri wants to come in as a free state, this would tip the balance of senate. Regional tensions began to increase

Henery Clay: Compromise of 1820 aka…

Missouri compromise: Missouri would enter as a slave state, the southern border 36 30 line, below that line could be slave state, north/above is slave free.

Monroe doctrine 1823

Established that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to colonization by European powers. And it would no longer interfere with European powers

The Market Revolution

The gotten gin, steam engine, Erie Canal in NY, and other technology allowed the linking of northern industry with western and southern farms.

What also happened during the Market Revolution of 18th century

1. Increased immigration

2. Middle class emerged first in the north

Women during Market revolution

Women’s identity is childbreaing and providing a home for her husband/children. Men’s identity is work

Panic of 1819

Economic Depression resulting from irresponsible banking practices. Laboring men were affected the hardest but they couldn’t vote to do anything about this.

Democratic Republican spilt in to 2 factions

Republicans (later become whigs) loose constructionists, federalist 2.0

Democrats: Strict constructionists, Jeffersonian line of thought

Who were Whigs and Democrats led by

Whigs(supported national bank and the American System)- Henery Clay

Democrats- Andrew Jackson

Tariffs of Abomination what was it and who supported it

Raised Tariffs by 50%, north loved this, south hated it because they were agricultural heavy and relied on imported goods for things they couldn’t make.

John C Callouhn and what did he do

Senator from South Carolina, who encouraged SC to nullifying the tarrifs which means if they thought a law is unconstitutional they can just ignore it.

President Jackson’s response to Calhoun

He passed a bill sending troops to ensure South Carolina are following his laws.

Andrew Jacksons perspective on banks

Believed that the banks advantaged the wealthy at the expense of the poor (cuz he grew up really poor), so he vetoed the idea of a second national bank.

Indian Removal Act 1830

Led to force removal of Indians notably the Cherokee on the Trial of Tears. Congress tried to check him but was unsuccessful. Example of huge expansion of federal especially executive power.

Second Great Awakening

Emphasized the moral reformation of society, stressed personal salvation, and individual reponsibility. Help nationalize an identity for Americans like the first Great Awakening. Inspired movements like women’s rights, abolitionism and temperance.

The Temperance Movement *19th Century

Advocated for moderation of complete abstinence from achoholic beverages.

Abolitionism

This movement spread heavily, advocating for end of slavery. William Loyd Garrison- Editor of the Liberator

Nat Turner’s rebellion and Haitian revolution

A slave revolt in the South, unsuccessful. White plantation owners became super fearful especially after the Haitian revolution where slaves killed their enslavers and established their own state.

-Slave owners made condtions even harder after this rebellion

1848 Seneca Falls Convention

Drafted Declaraion of Sentiments. Outlined their demands for women’s equality in voting rights and eduction.

Manifest Destiney (UNIT 5)

God given right to process all land from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean. Created economic opportunities, more natural resources, and beloved in white superiority.

Motivation for Westward expansion

Preemption acts, made vast tracks of land very cheap to establish a homestead. Gold Rush of 1848, led to huge migration westward. Southerners needing more arable land.

Did Texas belong to Mexico

Yes, required any migrants who came into Mexico to convert to Catholicism, they also were big in slavery.

What sparked Mexican American war 1846

Annexation of Texas, and disagreement between Mexico and U.S. over southern border.

Wilmot Proviso

Banning slavery in territories gained from Mexican American war. This caused a big fight cause it went against the 30 60 line. The proviso was abolished but it serves as a symbol of growing tensions leading up to the civil war.

Compromise of 1850

Henry Clay(American lawyer who represented Kentucky in U.S congress):

-Mexican session would be divided into territories who could decide whether their territory would include slavery.

-California would be admitted as a free state

-Slave trade is outlawed in Washington D.C

Whigs and Republicans thoughts on Mexican America war

Whigs like Lincoln believed the Mexican American war was driven by democrats to expand slavery.

Fugitive slave law

Required slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state.

Nativists

Individuals or groups who advocate for the interests of native-born or indigenous people over those of immigrants. They often support anti-immigration policies and measures aimed at restricting immigration. N

What was the practical way of viewing slavery (north)

Because the north was industrial heavy there was more manual laborer with wages. They feared that free labor would interfere with their opportunities to make a living.

Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854

Organized the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, allowing residents to decide on the issue of slavery through "popular sovereignty," thus effectively repealing the Missouri Compromise.

Bleeding Kansas

the period of intense violence and conflict in the Kansas Territory from 1854 to 1861, primarily due to the debate over the legality of slavery, directly influenced from Kansas Nebraska act. This period was marked by guerrilla warfare between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers.

Dread v. Scott

Made slavery legal in any state in the union

Election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860

Not a single vote from the south which led to the secession of southern states.