3.1.3 Lipids
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12 Terms
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Hydrocarbons
Molecules that only contain hydrogen and carbon atoms.
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Triglyceride
A lipid made of a glycerol molecule bonded to 3 fatty acid molecules.
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Fatty acids
A carboxylic acid group joined to a hydrocarbon tail. Tail can be of varying length.
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Saturated fatty acid
A fatty acid that does not contain any double bonds between carbon atoms. The maximum number of possible hydrogens are bonded to the fatty acid.
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Unsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid that contains 1 or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
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Ester bond
The bond that forms between a glycerol and fatty acid in a condensation reaction.
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Condensation reaction
A reaction in which a bond is formed, releasing a water molecule.
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Phospholipid
A lipid made of a phosphate group, glycerol molecule, and 2 fatty acids.
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Bilayer
A double-layered structure that forms from phospholipids, forming membranes in cells. The hydrophilic phosphate heads point outwards while the hydrophobic fatty acid tails point inwards.
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Hydrophilic
Attracts water.
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Hydrophobic
Repels water.
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Emulsion test
A test using ethanol, shaking, and then water to identify the presence of a lipid. A positive result is a milky-white emulsion forming.
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