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Hydrocarbons
Molecules that only contain hydrogen and carbon atoms.
Triglyceride
A lipid made of a glycerol molecule bonded to 3 fatty acid molecules.
Fatty acids
A carboxylic acid group joined to a hydrocarbon tail. Tail can be of varying length.
Saturated fatty acid
A fatty acid that does not contain any double bonds between carbon atoms. The maximum number of possible hydrogens are bonded to the fatty acid.
Unsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid that contains 1 or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
Ester bond
The bond that forms between a glycerol and fatty acid in a condensation reaction.
Condensation reaction
A reaction in which a bond is formed, releasing a water molecule.
Phospholipid
A lipid made of a phosphate group, glycerol molecule, and 2 fatty acids.
Bilayer
A double-layered structure that forms from phospholipids, forming membranes in cells. The hydrophilic phosphate heads point outwards while the hydrophobic fatty acid tails point inwards.
Hydrophilic
Attracts water.
Hydrophobic
Repels water.
Emulsion test
A test using ethanol, shaking, and then water to identify the presence of a lipid. A positive result is a milky-white emulsion forming.
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