Government Exam Review

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Flashcards for reviewing key concepts related to the foundations of American government based on lecture notes.

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14 Terms

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Declaration of Independence

Document declaring independence from Britain, authored primarily by Thomas Jefferson, and authorized by the Second Continental Congress.

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Articles of Confederation

First government of the United States, characterized by a weak central government and strong state powers.

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Thomas Jefferson

Identified as the primary author of the Declaration of Independence.

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Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness

Natural rights as defined in the Declaration of Independence. Government's job to protect them.

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Consent of the Governed

The idea that government legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed.

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Limited Government

A system where the government's power is limited to protect individual liberties.

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Confederal Government

Government where the national government is weaker than the states; states retain considerable autonomy.

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US Constitution

The U.S. government structure established to provide checks and balances between branches.

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Federalist Papers

Essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay to support the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

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Federalist No. 10

Argued that factions are inevitable but manageable in a large republic.

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Brutus 1

Anti-Federalist paper arguing against the Constitution's strong central government.

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Pluralism

The idea that many factions competing for influence leads to the best ideas being enacted.

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Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)

Clause in the Constitution that grants Congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" for carrying out its enumerated powers.

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Supremacy Clause

Constitutional doctrine stating that federal law is supreme to state law.