dr.lowy test 1 valve d/o

what ejection is aortic stenosis

systolic

where does aortic stenosis radiate to

right upper sternal border radiating to the neck

symptoms of aortic stenosis

SAD

syncope

angina

dyspnea

ACS

angina

CHF

syncope

what is AS caused by

calcifications

who is AS associated with

male, older age, hypercholesterolemia, RF

what does AS lead to

LVH

where is AS best heard and what makes it louder

right 2 ICS

heard louder with sitting and leaning forward

how to tx AS

valve replacement or ballon valvotomy: this is temporary

what kind of pitch is aortic regurgitation?

soft high pitches early decrescendo diastolic m

what is aortic regurgitation caused by?

endocarditis

HTN

RF

syphilis

associated with Marfan syndrome

where is aortic regurgitation best heard

Best heard at 2nd right intercostal space, patient sitting & leaning forward

what can AR lead to

shock

what do you hear with mitral stenosis and where?

opening snap + low pitch mid diastolic rumbling; heard best with the bell at the apex

what are the symptoms of mitral stenosis

HOP: hemoptysis, orthopnea, PND

what causes mitral stenosis

RF

what can mitral stenosis lead to

hoarseness because it presses on the laryngeal nerve

what does the sound of MS decrease with

valsalva decreases the preload and murmur

what do you hear and where in mitral regurgitation

holosystolic whooshing at the apex

What causes mitral regurgitation?

RF, MVP, Endocarditis

what do you heard in MVP

mid systolic click and palpitations

what causes MVP murmur and what is it associated with

Bulging mitral valve leaflets associated with marfan syndrome

what do you hear with pulmonic stenosis and where

systolic ejection m, 2nd L ICS

what is associated with pulmonic stenosis?

down syndrome and tetralogy of Fallot

what do you hear with PR and where

early diastolic m, 2nd L ICS

what is pulmonic regurg associated with

pulmonary HTN

what do you hear with tricuspid stenosis and where

mid-diastolic m, LLSB

what can cause TS?

carcinoid tumor, SLE, endocarditis, IV drug user

what is hear with tricuspid regurg and where

pansystolic m, LLSB