English 2 Final

Time period of Beginnings of the American Tradition

Anything before and up until 1760

How long did Puritanism last in America?

It lasted only about a century in America

What did southern writers focus on

Nature and society

3 Puritan beliefs which influenced writing

Grace, plainness, divine mission

Puritans often told about their experiences by writing in what form

Spiritual autobiography

Most famous/impressive Puritan history book

Magnalia Christi Americana by cotton Mather

First book published in America

Bay psalm book 1640

The first American bestseller

The Day of Doom (1662) By Michael Wigglesworth

Time period of The Revolutionary Period

1760-1800

What was important about Olaudah Equianos book

It was the first slave narrative

There will be a quote from Equianos work,

It will probably be about the slave trade

Why was the period called the age of the reason

Writers believed they could use reason to manage themselves and society without depending on authorities or past traditions

Writers of the age of reason wrote about

The state of life on earth

What was the war of words

Colonist writing about unfair taxes by the British government. Tried to spur and did spur a revolutionary sentiment

Why did arts in America flourish

Mostly because American cities grew swiftly and the population almost doubled

What was Benjamin Franklin called?

The First American

Who became popular due to his revolutionary speeches

Patrick Henry

Time Period of First Harvest

1800-1840

What factors led to the growing sense of nationalism

Revolution, the War of 1812, industrialization, centralized political and economic systems

Which writers were more famous in England than America

Washington Irving, Poe?

What is the difference between prose and poetry?

Prose is longer and less artistic than poetry

Who wrote the leather stocking tales

James Fenimore Cooper

What new style of writing was in and which old style was out

New style- romanticism

Old style - classicism

What is romanticism

Placed importance on the individual. Intuition was emphasized.

What is classicism

The world is governed by fixed, unchanging laws. The world is a machine.

How old was Bryant when he wrote Thanatopsis?

17

What was the meaning of Thanatopsis?

Learn to accept death, inevitable

Who is the father of American poetry

William Cullen Bryant

Who is the father of American literature

Washington Irving

Time period of Flowering of New England

1840-1860

What factors hindered individualism?

Poverty, lack of education

Most famous work of the flowering of New England time period

Nature by Emerson (1836)

Which writers of the flowering of New England period were transcendentalists

Emerson, Thoreau,

Who were anti-transcendentalists writers

Lowell, Longfellow, Holmes

What did Thoreau do when he was upset about the Mexican-American war?

He didn't pay taxes, he spent a night in jail, and this inspired his essay Civil Disobedience, which is about resisting immoral acts of the government

What did transcendentalism not have/believe in

It believed humans were godlike, which was impossible since they were sinners. (That may or may not be right)

What problem with sin did Hawthorne have?

He believed that ancestors sins were like karma, that further generations would pay for those sins

What was Melville's first novel? What inspired him to write it?

Typee, it was inspired by his adventure on the Acushnet and his adventure on it and after it, it was the first of his popular south seas adventure

What year did Dickinson write most of her poems?

1862

Why did Dickinson write so much in 1862?

Her love left her, Charles Wadsworth

How many poems did Dickinson write in her active year?

Roughly a poem a day

What did Holmes believe in about science

He was a champion of faith in science. Religion of science

Who were the fireside poets?

Longfellow, Whittier, Holmes, Lowell

Longfellows poems (there will be a question on which poem did he not write I think)

The Courtship of Miles Standish, The Song of Hiawatha, Evangeline

How was Whittier different from other fireside poets

He was a Quaker and came from a normal, rural family. Wrote about frugal living and simple pleasures (know how the poets wrote minnick said there will be 2 Q's giving us an excerpt asking us who wrote them)

Time period of house divided and restored

1860-1890

Title of Twain's first novel

The Gilded Age

What is the meaning of the gilded age?

Mark Twain used to describe a period in American history where things looked good on the outside which made things seem better than they actually were but in reality the period sucked

What reform movements sprang up in the House Divided and Restored time period?

Reform movements far less evident. Debt ridden farmers and industrial workers formed unions to protect themselves.

What was Walt Whitmans contribution to literature?

He created free verse

What purpose did local color writing serve? How did the people treat it?

To show all Americans the beauty of their land the diversity it had. The people loved it because each region had their own local customs and other regions were interested in what the customs were

What was the issue with southwestern humor?

It relied too heavily on exaggeration to make a lasting impact on American literature

What works did Bierce write?

The Devil's Dictionary, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge

What did The Devil's Dictionary show about Bierce?

His cynical outlook

What were realist writers concerned with?

The actualities of existence in America. How people lived day to day. Observed fact.

How does Whitman bridge a gap between romantic idealism of the past and the postwar period

His vision drew up traditional American individualism, but upon his own belief in the common people

What does the term vernacular style mean?

A style based on patterns and rhythms of language as Americans actually spoke it

What work is Twain's masterpiece

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

What work by Whitman signals a major turn in American literature and used free verse

Leaves of Grass

What literary form was in most southwestern humor

Hyperbole

Where was local color writing most influential and popular

Far west

Time period of realism and naturalism

1890-1914

Reform movements in the realism and naturalism period

Farmers alliances and the populist party meant to represent the people. Prohibiting monopolies and regulating businesses were also part of the reform. Reform now meant controlling business and industry

What is muckraking?

Journalists who exposed corruption in order to bring light and change

Whose views were important influence on the new scientific attitude in literature

Emile Zola

Two forces which governed determinism

Hereditary and environment

What did determinism say?

If you are born in a poor family, you will stay poor. You will be what your family has had and what your environment is

Definition of a novel

A prose narrative that is longer than a short story.

The two works which indicated several important directions that the American novel would take in the late 18th century

Modern chivalry by Hugh Henry brackenridge gave us the story of a journey through the country

Wieland by Charles Brockden Brown was one of the first gothic novels and brown is regarded as the first American gothic novelist

Which book by Faulkner was the most technically advanced novel ever written by an American

The Sound and the Fury

First American literary hero

Natty Bumppo

Who wrote about trying to kill a whale (the subject of Moby Dick)

Melville

Major novelists in the 1920s

Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Faulkner

What is propaganda?

The spreading of info to influence society and help or hurt a movement

What is testimonial?

use someone famous to promote and idea

What is red herring?

A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion

What is glittering generalities?

words that appeal to emotions

What is card stacking?

Offering only those facts that support one side of an issue and leaving out the bad facts

What is fear?

Disaster will happen if you don't to this or that

What is plain folk?

Using ordinary people or trying to sound ordinary to sell something or persuade you to vote or support an idea

What is name-calling (a former favorite of president Donald trump)

Labeling someone or something negative or having an antagonistic attitude towards it

What is transfer?

You want to associate the product with something awesome, Carries positive symbols

What is bandwagon?

everyone else is doing it, you should too