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Trunk and spine
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Vertebral column – complex
24 intricate & complex articulating free movable vertebrae
31 pairs of spinal nerves
most complex part of body other than CNS
Abdominal muscles
some sections linked by fascia & tendinous bands
do not attach from bone to bone
Many small intrinsic muscles act on head, vertebral column & thorax
assist in spinal stabilization or respiration
too deep to palpate
How many articulation and fused vertebrae??
24 articulating & 9 fused vertebrae
24 articulating & 9 fused vertebrae
7 cervical (neck) vertebrae
12 thoracic (chest) vertebrae
5 lumbar (lower back) vertebrae
5 sacrum (posterior pelvic girdle) vertebrae
4 coccyx (tail bone) vertebrae
How many Cervical Vertebrae?
7 cervical (neck) vertebrae
How many Thoracic Vertebrae?
12 thoracic (chest) vertebrae
How many Lumbar Vertebrae?
5 lumbar (lower back) vertebrae
How many Sacral Vertebrae?
5 sacrum (posterior pelvic girdle) vertebrae
How many Coccyx Vertebrae?
4 coccyx (tail bone) vertebrae
First 2 cervical vertebrae
shapes allow for extensive rotary movements of head to side, as well as forward & backward movement
3 normal curves within moveable spine
Thoracic spine curves anteriorly
Cervical & lumbar spine curve posteriorly
Spinal curves enable it to absorb blows & shocks
Vertebrae increase in size from
cervical to lumbar region due to lower back having to support more weight
First 2 cervical vertebrae are called?
atlas & axis
Vertebrae C2 through L5 - similar architecture
body - anterior bony block
central vertebral foramen for spinal cord
transverse process projecting out laterally
spinous process projecting posteriorly
Atlas
(first cervical vertebra), superior view

Axis
(second cervical vertebra), superior view

Cervical vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

Lordosis
increased posterior concavity of lumbar & cervical curves

Kyphosis
increased anterior concavity of thoracic curve

Lumbar kyphosis
reduction of normal lordotic curve, resulting in a flat-back appearance

Scoliosis
lateral curvatures or sideward deviations of spine
