Health test "Human body"

Physical health

perform daily tasks without feeling tired, fight off disease, recover from illness.

Mental health

deal with stress, cope with change, overcome negative feelings, maintain a positive outlook

SPIRITUAL HEALTH

give life a purpose, understand your self-worth, find strategies to relieve stress

SOCIAL HEALTH

feel connected to people, maintain good support systems, cope with life’s ups and downs

How many Canadians between the ages 5-17-year years meet the daily physical activity recommendations?

only 35% meet the daily physical activity.

OVERWEIGHT

having excess body fat for one’s size and build; a condition that will lead to health problems.

OBESITY

is more of a “chronic” condition, meaning that one is overweight to the point where it is a danger to one’s health.

HYPERTENSION (high blood pressure)

The heart of an obese person has to work very hard to pump blood and oxygen, and the extra stress can lead to heart disease and stroke. 

TYPE II DIABETES

A form of diabetes that usually occurs at an older age, but is now beginning to show up among young adults as a result of poor eating habits and physical inactivity.

OSTEOARTHRITIS

Excess weight places stress on the joints, which damages the cartilage and causes pain.

SLEEP APNEA

A condition that often occurs in obese people, and causes them to stop breathing for short periods during the night, interrupting sleep patterns and causing fatigue.

CANCER

Obesity increases the chance of developing cancer, including colon, breast, gallbladder, ovarian and prostate.

Main causes of overweight & obesity

1. Insufficient Physical Activity

2. Excessive Food Intake

3. Heredity (our genetic make-up)

Sedentary behaviour

involves postures or activities that require very little movement.

List five ways that you could add more movement or steps to your daily living.

You can add more movement to your day by walking or biking to school, walking during class transitions, joining an after-school sport, walking during breaks, or dancing during your free time.

Anatomy

Is the branch of science concerned with describing the bodily structure of humans, animals and other living organisms.

Physiology

Is the branch of biology that is concerned with how the various body parts function and work together.

How many bones are we born with?

We are born with more than 300 bones.

How much of the total body weight does the bones take up?

Our bones account for approx. 14-20 percent of our total body weight.

Axial Skeleton

Consists of 80 bones which are located in the skull, spinal column, sternum, rib cage, and the sacrum.

Appendicular Skeleton

Consists of 126 bones found in the arms, shoulder blades, forearms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs and feet.

Long Bones

are found in the arms and legs. The femur in your upper leg is an example of a long bone.

Flat Bones

as the name implies, are flat. The individual bones in the roof of your skull are examples of flat bones.

Irregular Bones

include the bones of the vertebrae

Sesamoid Bones

are small, flat bones wrapped within tendons. The patella (kneecap) is the largest sesamoid bone in the body. Hyoid bone in your throat (holds your tongue)

Short Bones

are found in the wrists and ankles. The carpal bones in your wrists are examples of short bones.

How many muscle do we have?

Our bodies have over 600 muscles.

How much weight does the muscle have in total?

The muscles make up half of our body weight.

Smooth muscles

are involuntary and contract automatically.  The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) adjusts its contraction as required.  These muscles do not tire easily and can stay contracted for a long period of time. Walls of esophagus, stomach, intestines and blood vessels are composed of smooth muscle.

Cardiac muscles

as the name implies, it is specialized muscle tissue that comprises the heart.  It is also involuntary.

Skeletal

are connected to bones by tendons. They are voluntary, meaning that we have control of them. Skeletal muscles are the engines that pull on bones, causing joints to move.

Flexion

angle at the joint decreases (folds up)

Extension

angle at joint increases (opens up)

Adduction

any movement towards the midline of the body

Abduction

any movement away from the midline of the body

Dorsiflexion

movement of foot in which toes are raised toward shin

Plantar flexion

movement of foot in which toes are pointed downwards

Circumduction

the circular movement of a limb

Internal Rotation

rotation towards centre (midline) of body

External Rotation

rotation away from centre (midline) of body

Inversion

movement (tilting) of the sole of foot towards midline of body

Eversion

movement (tilting) of the sole of foot away from midline of body

Pronation

rotation of the hand and forearm so that the hand faces downward; rotation of foot inward so that in walking, the foot tends to come down on its inner margin.

Supination

rotation of the hand and forearm so that the hand faces upward; rotation of foot outward so that in walking, the foot comes down on outer margin.

Joints

A joint is a connection between two or more bones in the body, allowing for movement and providing support.

How many joints do we have?

We have over 140 joints in our bodies.

Fibrous Joints

Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by dense connective tissue, primarily collagen fibers.

Cartilaginous Joints

Cartilaginous joints are joints where the bones are connected by cartilage, allowing for limited movement.

Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body, characterized by a fluid-filled cavity between the bones, allowing for a wide range of movement.

What is Fitness?

fitness is achieved by regular exercise, proper diet and adequate rest.

CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS

is the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen and energy to the muscles. It is critical because it builds the endurance needed to accomplish day-to-day activities. Running, swimming and dancing build this aspect of fitness.

MUSCULAR STRENGTH

is the ability to exert force or lift a heavy weight. We use it on a daily basis. Some activities that build strength include hockey, football and resistance training.

MUSCULAR ENDURANCE

is the ability of muscles to work over a long period of time. Activities that build muscular endurance include wrestling, aquatics, cycling and cross-country skiing.

FLEXIBILITY

is the ability of the muscles to stretch. It prevents injuries when the body is pushed beyond its usual limits. Some activities that build flexibility include martial arts, dance and yoga.

BODY COMPOSITION

refers to the distribution of muscle and fat throughout the body.  A healthy body composition means that the body has enough fat to provide it with energy and enough muscle to perform a variety of activities.

What is Skill-Related Fitness?

a skill is the ability to do something efficiently and well.

AGILITY

is the ability to change direction rapidly and accurately.

BALANCE

is the ability to maintain equilibrium when moving or standing still. Activities that build balance include yoga, skiing and fencing.

COORDINATION

 is the ability to combine balance and agility while moving.

POWER

is the ability to apply maximum effort in as short a time as possible.

REACTION TIME

is the ability to respond to a situation in as short a time as possible.

SPEED

is the ability to cover a short distance as quickly as possible.

Cardiovascular fitness

Cardiovascular fitness is the body’s ability to provide oxygen continuously to muscles as work is performed over an extended time.

Pulse

pulse is the number of heartbeats per minute, felt in the arteries.

Arteries

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Capillaries

Capillaries are the ones who serve as a bridge between the arteries and veins

Veins

The veins carry blood to the heart.

Aerobic exercise

Aerobic exercise is a type of physical activity that strengthens the heart and lungs by increasing the heart rate through activities like running, swimming, or cycling.

Anaerobic exercise

Anaerobic exercise use muscles at high intensity and high rate of work for a short period of time

Examples of Anaerobic exercise

weightlifting, sprinting, jumping, football, baseball, etc

examples of Aerobic exercise

Walking, biking, jogging, skating, rowing, cycling, swimming, etc

What does a lower resting heart rate usually mean in relation to your heart?

A lower resting heart rate usually mean a better cardiovascular fitness

List 3 of the 5 Shapes/types of Bones and a SPECIFIC example of each.

1. Long bones – Femur (thigh bone)

2. Short bones – Carpals (wrist bones)

3. Flat bones – Scapula (shoulder blade)

4. Irregular bones – Vertebrae (spine bones)

5. Sesamoid bones – Patella (kneecap)

Arm bones (shoulder to hand)

Humerus, Radius, Ulna

Hand bones (arm to fingers)

Carpals, Metacarpal, Phalanges

Legs bones (Hips to feet)

Fermur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula

Main body bones (neck to hips)

Clavicle, Scapula, Sternum, Ribs

Lower part of jaw

Mandible

feet bone

Metatarsals

Arm muscle

biceps

Abs

Rectus Abdominus

Shoulder muscles

Deltoid

Bottom back leg muscle

Gastrocnemius

Butt

Gluteus Maximus

Top back leg

Hamstring

Back muscles

Latissimus Dorsi

Front top leg

Quadriceps

Front shoulder muscle

Pectoalis Major

Back shoulder muscle

Trapezius

back arm muscle

Triceps