JOMC 101 Exam 3

The first newspaper produced in North America was Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick.

True

By the late 1820s, the average newspaper cost eighteen cents per copy.

False

Yellow journalism in the 1890s was the origin of objective journalism in the twentieth century.

false

The term yellow journalism originated from a New York newspaper in the late nineteenth century that was printed on yellow-toned paper stock.

false

President Theodore Roosevelt coined the term yellow journalism.

false

Joseph Pulitzer's New York World sent star reporter Nellie Bly around the world in seventy-two days to beat the fictional record set in the popular Jules Verne novel Around the World in Eighty Days.

true

The New York Journal used the motto "It does not soil the breakfast cloth."

false

Journalism is a scientific and objective method of communication

false

The inverted-pyramid news story form is most commonly used with longer feature stories.

false

History suggests that objective reporting grew out of an opportunity to mass-market news that would not offend particular groups.

true

According to the textbook, most small nondaily papers in the United States are consensus oriented rather than conflict oriented.

true

Online news has helped speed up the news cycle.

true

Literary journalism uses the devices of fiction to construct a portrait of the real world using nonfictional material.

true

Frederick Douglass's North Star was an antislavery paper published by a former slave.

true

Penny press newspapers, such as the New York Sun, __________
__________
.

favored human-interest stories

Compared with World War II and Vietnam, the war in Iraq has been a safe haven for reporters and other media workers.

false

Of all our mass media institutions, newspapers have played the leading role in sustaining democracy.

true

Online newspaper stories have to be briefer and more streamlined than the print version.

false

Larger newspaper operations overall seem to be more financially stable than small-town newspapers.

false

Starting around 2005, large newspaper chains responded to the decline in newspaper circulation by buying up more newspapers and increasing newsroom staff.

false

The two significant features of yellow journalism were an emphasis on crime and disasters and __________
__________
.

crusading for the common people

The modern legacy of the style of journalism practiced by Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst includes __________
__________
.

Both A ("investigative journalism") and C ("supermarket tabloid headlines") are correct.

Yellow journalism is __________
__________
.

a journalism trend that began in the late 1800s stressing profit and featuring humaninterest stories, crime news, and large headlines

Which of the following eras of journalism best represents the historical arrival of newspapers as a mass medium?

penny press

Who reportedly said, "The modern editor of the popular journal does not care for facts. The editor wants novelty"?

Hearst

The two publishers most associated with yellow journalism in the late 1800s were __________
__________
.

Pulitzer and Hearst

By the end of the nineteenth century, crusading newspapers like the New York World had what kind of approach to women's rights

They hired women as reporters and crusaded for better conditions for women.

Which of the following statements about the inverted pyramid style is true?

A story using this style typically begins with answering "who; what; when; and where."
b
It serves as a quick and efficient way to organize a news story.
c
It strives for a form of "objectivity" that is more likely to be accepted by people with different backgrounds and beliefs.
d
It can lead to formulaic stories.
ALL ARE TRUE!

What point was the newspaper motto "It does not soil the breakfast cloth" trying to make?

Its news stories would be less sensational and more matter-of-fact.

Which newspaper used the motto "It does not soil the breakfast cloth"?

New York Times

Objective journalism as championed by Adolph Ochs and the New York Times was particularly good at __________
__________
.

moving the practice of journalism out of the realm of sensationalism

Select the correct historical order among the following major eras in journalism history.

Partisan journalism, penny press, yellow journalism, objective news

Modern journalism started to develop in the nineteenth century mainly because newspapers __________
__________
.

wanted to attract as many readers and advertisers as possible

The practice of interpretive journalism in the twentieth century got its first significant boost from __________
__________
.

radio broadcasters who started developing commentary as part of their news in the 1930s

What spawned the rise of interpretive journalism in the 1930s and 1940s?

The world's increasing complexity

General assignment reporters __________
__________
.

handle all sorts of stories that might "break" in a day

The newshole __________
__________
.

is news content that takes up about 35 to 50 percent of the space in a typical metropolitan daily newspaper

Which of the following are specific groups of readers targeted by specialized newspapers?

a
African Americans
b
Asian Americans
c
Native Americans
d
Hispanics
ALL ARE TRUE

Besides providing community calendars and meeting notices, __________
__________
newspapers mostly carry articles on local schools, social events, town government, property crimes, and zoning issues.

consensus-oriented

Which of the following is not a way in which convergence with the Internet (online journalism) is redefining how newspapers operate?

e
Traditional newspaper reporters and editors are fully embracing their online responsibilities.

According to the textbook, which of the following has been a critique of the idea of journalistic objectivity?

It isn't possible to have genuine journalistic impartiality, and many reporters have become too uncritical of people with power.

What makes literary journalism different from early-twentiethcentury models of "objective" journalism?

Literary journalism applied fiction writing techniques to nonfiction material, instead of being purely informational as in objective journalism.

Bureau reporters __________
__________
.

typically file reports from major cities other than where their paper is located

Which of the following developments has contributed to the overall decline in newspaper readership over most of the last century?

Increase in the number of working women
b
The availability of newspapers on the Internet
c
Competition from television
d
Greater competition from suburban weeklies
ALL ARE TRUE

Daily newspaper circulation numbers __________
__________
.

have declined but these declines show some signs of being offset by increases in online readership

Which of the following is generally considered the biggest threat to the future of newspapers?

Declining readership, especially among younger people

The business arrangement in the newspaper industry in which two separately owned papers in the same city are permitted to combine their business and production operations is called a __________
__________
.

joint operating agreement (JOA)

Which of the following is not true about large newspaper chains today?

They are adding more people to their newsroom staffs.

The textbook suggests that closing newspaper bureau offices __________
__________
.

means fewer stories and fewer versions of stories about important issues and events

Which of the following is a way that online journalism is redefining news?

Newspapers can post stories online that they didn't have room for in their print edition.

Which of the following statements about paywalls is not true?

Newspapers don't see any reason for paywalls—ad revenue is more than enough to cover costs.

Advertising revenue, the lifeblood of newspaper operations, __________
__________
.

has fallen dramatically in the last few years, with Internet ad sales unable to fill the gap

According to the textbook, some print journalism observers think one piece of good news for the industry is __________
__________
.

small papers that focus on local news and ads retain a loyal reader base

Which statement about the relationship between blogging and traditional newspaper news is true?

After expressing concern and opposition to blogging as news; many newspapers are promoting their own blog presence.

Worried about the shaky financial underpinnings of print journalism, some have suggested new business models, including __________
__________
.

having former print reporters start online newspapers
b
having wealthy universities buy and support newspapers
c
having wealthy Internet companies expand into the news business
d
having newspapers operate as nonprofits that run on taxdeductible contributionshaving newspapers operate as nonprofits that run on taxdeductible contributions
ALL ARE TRUE

New York World Reporter name

Nellie Bly

New York Times Name

Adolph Ochs

Yellow journalism publisher Name

William Randolph Hearst

__________
__________
bought the New York Times in 1896

adolf ochs

William Randolph Hearst reportedly once said, "The modern editor of the popular journal does not care for __________
__________
. The editor wants novelty."

facts

As a grassroots movement, __________
__________
refers to people who use the Internet and blogs to disseminate news and information.

wherein activist amateurs and concerned citizens

The space left over in a newspaper for news content after all the ads are placed is called the __________
__________
.

newshole

__________
__________
attempts to make the news more scientifically accurate by using poll surveys and questionnaires.

precision journalism

How many magazines are published in the United States annually?

More than twenty thousand

The word magazine comes from the French term magasin, which means ______.

B. storehouse

The first publication to use the term magazine in its title was ______.

A. Gentleman's Magazine

Magazines in colonial America may be credited with ______________.

C. spreading political ideas that ultimately led to the revolution

What factors contributed to the demand for national magazines in the late 1800s?

A. Increases in public education
B. Advances making printing technologies faster
C. Improvements in mail delivery
all the above are correct

How did the Postal Act of 1879 benefit magazine publishers?

It lowered the postage rate for magazines

Who first coined the term muckraking?

Theodore Roosevelt

The use of photos in magazines to document the rhythms of everyday life is known as _______.

photojournalism

The first magazine to reach 2 million in circulation was ___________________.

Saturday Evening Post

The success of TV Guide underscored the power of ______.

TV

How did National Geographic remain profitable when its magazine started to lose circulation in the 1990s?

It entered other media ventures like television specials.

The over-fifty age group is the ___________ age bracket.

fastest-growing

Which of the following is considered an elite magazine?

New Yorker

What was the first U.S. tabloid?

National Enquirer

It is not uncommon for print magazines to ______________.

A. offer audio podcasts to accompany articles
B. create an online social-networking feature for its readers
C. provide interactive features online
all are true

Magazines that merge into larger chains are able to ________.

extend their reach and attract new customers
lower their development, production, and sales and marketing costs
generate more revenues
all are true!

Today, subscriptions account for _______ percent of magazine sales.

88

Which of the following departments provides all the content for a magazine, excluding ads?

Editorial

The Condé Nast group owns ___________.

Vanity Fair
GQ
Vogue
all are true

Which of the following is no longer true about magazines in the United States?

They provide a powerful national voice.
They unite communities around important social issues.
They foster a strong national identity.
all are true!!

How are magazines different from newspapers?

They are published on a nondaily cycle.

They employ a tabloid style.

When did the idea of specialty magazines focused on specific topics first gain popularity in the United States?

Nineteenth century

The first magazine to publish a column that directly addressed women's issues was _______.

Saturday Evening Post

Sarah Josepha Hale founded the first women's magazine, _______, in 1828.

Ladies' Magazine

When did photojournalism emerge as a new profession?

1890s

Investigative journalism designed to expose wrongdoing is known as _________.

C. Muckraking

Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act in 1906 based in part by articles that appeared in what magazine?

Ladies' Home Journal

Collier's

During what time period did general-interest magazines become the most prominent form of magazine?

After World War I

In the mid-1980s, the most popular magazine in the world was _______________.

Reader's Digest

Which magazine can be credited for advancing photojournalism the most in the early twentieth century?

Life

What did women's magazines need to do in the 1970s to continue to attract readers?

Include articles on careers outside the home
Feature stories that addressed women's sexuality

What is the most commercially successful magazine for children?

Highlights for Children

What was the first city magazine aimed at a national audience?

New Yorker

What magazine was founded by W.E.B. Du Bois and is currently the official magazine of the NAACP?

crisis

Which of the following alternative magazines is published for readers who support the political Left?

Nation
Progressive

How much advertising copy does the average magazine contain?

50 percent

Which type of special magazine edition includes a few pages of ads purchased by local or regional companies?

split-run