5.2 What factors affect cycle with drainage basin

what is this part of the drainage basin

mouth

what is this part where the tributaries meet

confluence

what is the dotted red line

watershed

what is the whole river called

river network

what is the drainage basin on

hillslides and uplands

what are the starts of all rivers called

source

what is this part of the river called

tributary

what system is the drainage basin

open system - inputs, flows, stores, outputs

what does the black represent

flow

what does the red represent

store

what does the purple represent

input

what is this part

into lake or sea

what is this part

evaporation

what is this part

groundwater flow (through rock) (slowest)

what is this part

throughflow

what is this part

surface runoff (fastest)

what is this part

percolation

what is this part

infiltrate

what is this part

stem flow

what is this part

evaporate

what is this part

stored on leaves

what is this part

stored within plants. veg store

what is this part

precipiation

what does the green represent

output

what is this part

intercaption

what physical factors might affect the drainage basin

relief-shape of land, geology-rock type(permability), climate-amoutn of precipitate, vegetation, soil type

what human factors might affect the drainage basin

river management, landuse-urbanisation, deforestation, agriculture, create reservoirs, rehmove water-domestic industrial and irrigation

how does cloud seeding affect the hydrological cycle

increases precipitation - silver iodine released into atmosphere and acts as hygroscopie nuclei that is required for precipitations. demand for water increase so hoped to help

how does deforestation affect the hydrological cycle

leads to more flooding - weakens soil and reduces drainage

how does flood management affect the hydrological cycle

increase water storage and interception and infiltration

how does urbanisation affect the hydrological cycle

leads to loss of wetland - causes more flooding, more intense rainfall as warming climate

how does afforestation affect the hydrological cycle

increases flooding and reduces infiltration - trees dont have deep enough roots, dont decompose properly

how does dam building affect the hydrological cycle

increases or reduces a rivers discharge - increases evaporation, increase riverbank erosion

how does climate change affect the hydrological cycle

causes more extreme rainstorms and droughts - evaporation increase so more intense storm events

what physical facts affect the hydrological cycle

climate, geology, soils, relief, vegetation

how does climate affect the hydrological cycle

hotter means more evaporation and transpiration, wet climate has more precipitation than dry climate, dry area mean more surface runoff as ground is solid dry

how does geology affect the hydrological cycle

impermeable rock means more surface runoff as soil is saturated faster, permeable rock means more water percolate and stored as ground water

how does soils affect the hydrological cycle

some more permeable than others e.g. sand than clay, different sized particles, bigger is more permeable as they cant be squashed together

how does relief affect the hydrological cycle

steeper means more runoff as more gravitational potential energy, takes time to infiltrate, snow and ice in high up mountains

how does vegetation affect the hydrological cycle

more water stored in plant and more transpiration so evaporation, slowed cycle in forest as water is held in trees longer than grass, more vegetation means more infiltration

what is the case study for cloud seeding

idaho USA, 2017 NCAR has been collecting and analysing data from a could seeding experiment and many local farmers rely on melting snow as water supply

what is the case study for deforestation

freetown, sierra leone, 2017 after rainy season 1141 died from massive mudslide and made flooding worse, highland overlooking city was deforested

what is the case study for flood management

pickering, uk, used 4 techniques to to reduce flooding ‘slowing the flow’, constructing low level soil embankment, planting more trees, restoring woody debris dams in small streams, restoring wetlands

what is the case study for urbanisation

houston, texas, population doubled leading to loss of 100000 hectares of wetland and 7000 houses built on flood plains, when hurricane harvey struck there was extreme flooding due to loss of wetland

what is the case study for afforestation

ireland, planted trees to cover from 1%-11% targeted 18% but sitka spruce which captures carbon but have needles that dont decompose and only shallow roots

what is the case study for dam building

grand ethiopian renaissance, 2011 dam built in ethiopia to slow process of filling reservoir, all hydroelectricity generated is fed into national grid hoped to supply 65million ethiopians