AP geo unit 4

Autocracy

One person ruling (king, queen , dictatorship)

Theocracy

Relegious leader controls country

Democracy

Government of people

direct democracy

people vote directly on issues

indirect democracy

people vote for representatives who make a decision on their behalf

Federal

power shared between central,regional, local governments

positives and negative of federalism

Pros: reduction of conflict, local uses resolved quicker ,

Negatives:slow to enact change , conflict between nation state local level of government

unitary goverment

Power located in a central authority and makes uniform laws often in homogeneous states ex France, japan

Antecendent Bouandry

Border made before there was a major settlment

example of a antecendent bouandry

49th parallel

Consequent bouandry

accounts for existing cultural distribution of people ex cultures, ethnicity , language

example of consequent bouandry

Bouandries of europe in response of war

superimposed bouandry

Borders drawn over existing & accepted borders by an outside force

example of super imposed bouandry

berlin conference in Africa

Geomtric bouandry

bouandrys made by straight lines of latitude and longitude instead of physica cultural bouandries

example of geometric bouandry

sykes-picot agreement

Relic bouandries

Borders that DO NOT exist anymore but left an imprint

Delimit

Labelling bouandries on a map

Demarcated

offical markers to show were a bouandry begins & ends ex wall in Mexico + USA

Martime Borders

highly disputed , trade shipping , fishing , oil defense

territorial sea

12 nautical miles from coast line sovereignty over water/sea

Exclusive Ecenomic Zone

200 nautical miles a state has speica, rights over exporation & use of marine resources

GERRYMANDERING

Redistricting for a political advantage when political party controls a majority of seats in the state legislature

Packing

a tactic where mapmakers cram voters of an opposing party or demographic group into a few districts, ensuring they win those seats by huge margins but become a minority in surrounding districts

Cracking

Dispersing like minded voters among multiple districts in order to prevent them from gaining majority votes

Stacking

process of combining diverse groups of voters into a single district to dilute the influence of a specific minority group. 

Hijacking

redrawing district boundaries so that two existing incumbents (frequently from the same party) are suddenly placed into the samenew district.