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Force (N)
mass (kg) × acceleration (ms-2)
Average speed (ms-1)
distance (m) / time (s)
Average velocity (ms-1)
displacement (m) / time (s)
Period of a pendulum (s)
total time (s) / number of swings
Acceleration (ms-2)
final velocity (ms -1) - initial velocity (ms -1) / time (s)
Weight (N)
mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (ms-2)
Density (kgm-3)
mass (kg) / volume (m3)
Hooke's law
Force (N) = constant (Nm-1) × extension (m)
Pressure (Pa)
force (N) / area (m2)
Fluid Pressure (Pa)
density (kgm-3) × gravitational field strength (ms-2) × height (m)
Work (J)
force (N) × distance moved (m)
Power (W)
work (J) / time (s)
Kinetic Energy (J)
½ × mass (kg) × velocity² (ms-1)
Gravitational potential energy (J)
mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (ms-2) × height (m)
Efficiency (%)
useful power output (W) / total power input (W) × 100
Moment (Nm)
force (N) × perpendicular distance from pivot (m)
Momentum (kgms-1)
mass (kg) × velocity (ms-1)
Impulse (kgms-1 or Ns)
change in momentum (kgms-1)
Centripetal Force (N)
mass (kg) × velocity² (ms-1) / radius (m)
Orbital Period (s)
2 × π × radius (m) / velocity (ms-1)
Boyle's Law
pressure1 (Pa) × volume1 (m3) = pressure2 (Pa) × volume2 (m3)
Energy (J)
mass (kg) × specific heat capacity (Jkg-1°C-1) × temperature change (°C)
Thermal capacity (J°C-1)
mass (kg) × specific heat capacity (Jkg-1°C-1)
Energy transferred (J)
mass (kg) × specific latent heat (Jkg-1)
Expansion (m)
linear expansivity (°C-1) × original length (m) × temperature rise (°C)
Current (A)
charge (C) / time (s)
Voltage (V)
energy transferred (J) / charge (C)
Resistance (Ω)
resistivity (Ωm) × length (m) / area (m2)
Transformers
voltage in secondary coil (V) = turns on secondary coil / voltage in primary coil (V) / turns on primary coil
Wave speed (ms-1)
frequency (Hz) × wavelength (m)
Refractive index
sine of the angle of incidence (i) / sine of the angle of refraction (r)
Energy (J) in nuclear physics
mass defect (kg) × speed of light² (ms-1)
