Sec 3

What hormone is the most active and allows the thyroid to regulate metabolic function?

T3

What is the most common thyroid disorder?

Hypothyroidism

Which disease process can result in thyroiditis?

Viral infections

What is the most common form of thyroiditis?

Hashimoto’s

What is the normal sonographic appearance of the strap muscles compared to the normal thyroid gland?

Hypoechoic

How many parathyroid glands are normally present?

4

What is a consistent sonographic finding of a thyroid adenoma?

Thin hypoechoic halo

Which of the following are imaging characteristics of thyroid carcinoma?

Microcalcifications, Hypoechoic

Which of the following would indicate lymph node pathology?

Absence of fatty hilum

What structure lies medial to the thyroid gland?

Trachea

What is the most common thyroid carcinoma?

Papillary

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

Graves’s disease

Elevated TSH is indicative of what condition?

Hypothyroidism

Elevated T3 and T4 can indicate what condition ?

Grave’s disease

What lab values would you expect to see in in patient with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis?

Elevated TSH, Low T3, Low T4

What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in adult males?

Epididymo-orchitis

What is the most common germ cell tumor in the testicle?

Seminoma

What structure is located between the head of the Epi and the testicle?

Appendix testes

What is the dense fibrous capsule that covers the testis?

Tunica albuginea

What venous network drains the testicle?

Pampiniform plexus

What term refers to a purulent fluid accumulation between the layers of the tunica vaginalis?

Pyocele

What lab values are associated with testicular seminoma?

Elevated AFP, Elevated HCG

What is the hyperechoic line coursing through the testis in a craniocaudal direction?

Mediastinum testis

What is the most common cause of painless scrotal swelling?

Hydrocele

What surgical treatment treats an undescended testicle by freeing it and implanting into the scrotum

Orchiopexy

What is the most common cause of epididymo-orchitis?

Lower UTI

What deformity cal lead to testicular torsion?

Bell clapper

Which zone of the prostate gland is most often involved in BPH?

Transitional

Which zone of the prostate is most often the site of malignancies?

Peripheral

What anatomic structure within the prostate is used to divide the gland into anterior and posterior sections?

Urethra

What lab values is evaluated for evidence of prostate cancer?

PSA

The cavernous branch of the penile artery supplies the_____

Corpus cavernosum

Which muscles of the penis surrounds the urethra?

Corpus spongiosum

What is an example of a tendon with a synovial sheath?

Bicep

What is the largest tendon in the body?

Achilles

What type of muscle is seen in the image below?

Bipennate

What tendon in the rotator cuff is most frequently torn?

Supraspinatus

What term is used to describe acute inflammation of the tendon and the synovial sheath?

Tenosynovitis

What is meant by the term “thyroid inferno”

Increase in vascular flow

What artifact is seen in this image?

Anisotropy/ edge shadowing