Consequences of 1905 revolution (establishment of dumas)

Why did the army remain loyal to the tsar?

Witte secured huge loan from french bankers in April 1906 - stabilised economy and gvmt paid expenses for a yr, esp paying army wages and changes to service

When were the fundamental laws established?

Apr 1906

What was the Tsar responsible for in accordance to fundamental laws?

Appointment of ministers, conduct of foreign affairs, tsar retained the right to rule by decree ( w/o gvmt), duma had to have tsar’s agreement to pass lawd

What did Lenin describe the fundamental laws as?

‘Great Dress Rehearsal’

In what was the duma granted?

October manifesto

What did the new electoral laws lay down?

All male citizens over 25could vote, women+military service men were debarred from voting, votes not equal as constituencies differed in size

What were the 2 chambers of the Dumas?

Elected Duma and State council (SC had equal powers to duma and ½ of members chosen by tsar)

What did Article 87 give the Tsar the right to do?

pass laws without consulting the duma in exceptional circumstances

What did tsar retain control of?

military, foreign policy and appt of ministers

What were electoral colleges weighted towards?

Upper classes