Aerobic cellular respiration

Glycolysis

• cytoplasm

• requires energy investment of 2 ATP to break glucose

• Not much ATP is made

Phosphorylate

ADP + Phosphate group = ATP

Pyruvate Processing

• mitochondria

• when pyruvate is oxidized, it loses carbon and releases Co2

  Insufficient ATP → acetyl-coA moves to the Kreb cycle

  Sufficient ATP → acetyl-coA moves to fat synthesis for fat storage

The Krebs cycle

• Mitochondria

• Oxaloacetate is constantly being recycled

• NADH and FADH2 are the only molecules that leave this step

ETC

• electrons provide the energy needed to move protons across the membrane.

• electrons get passed from protein complex to protein complex losing energy along the way

Chemiosmosis

when protons pass back across the membrane via ATP synthase pump

Oxidated Phosphorylation

potential energy is used to convert ADP and pi (inorganic phosphate into ATP)

Phosphofructokinase

• a type of negative feedback enzyme that occurs in glycolysis.

• uses feedback inhibition by the amount of ATP available, so the enzyme can know when to stop producing ATP

Oxidation vs reduction

Oxidation

• the loss of electrons or gain of oxygen

Reduction

• the gain of electrons or loss of oxygen

The process of ETC

1. NADH and FADH2 deliver their hydrogens to protein complexes in the inner membrane of mitochondria

2. The electrons get passed from protein complex to protein complex, losing energy along the way

3. energy is used to pump protons H+ into the intermembrane space

4. The final electrons acceptor is oxygen, which combines with H+ to form water

Hydrogen=

H+ (proton) + e- (electrons)

Role of oxygen in ETC

the final electron acceptor

Role of Protein complex IV

• proton pump: pumps 2 protons into intramembrane space

• reduction of oxygen to water

what is the ultimate goal of Cellar respiration

ATP production