How Effectively did the nazis control Germany 1933-1945

What was the Confessing Church?

A Protestant group that opposed Nazi interference in Christianity.

Who led the Confessing Church?

Pastor Martin Niemöller.

Who was Cardinal Galen?

A Catholic who opposed the T-4 euthanasia programme.

What was the White Rose group?

University students like Hans and Sophie Scholl who distributed anti-Nazi leaflets.

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates?

Youth group that resisted the Hitler Youth and even killed a Gestapo chief in 1944.

What was Operation Valkyrie?

The July 1944 army plot to assassinate Hitler using a bomb planted by von Stauffenberg.

What was the SS?

Hitler’s elite paramilitary force led by Himmler, wore black uniforms, ran concentration camps.

What was the Gestapo?

Secret police that arrested and tortured enemies of the Nazis, relied on public denunciations.

What was the SD?

Nazi intelligence agency led by Heydrich that monitored all opposition.

How did the Nazis use concentration camps?

They imprisoned political opponents, Jews, Roma, and others in harsh conditions.

What was the People's Court?

A Nazi court for political crimes where judges always found the accused guilty.

What was the Concordat (1933)?

An agreement between the Pope and Hitler to stay out of each other’s affairs.

How did Hitler break the Concordat?

Closed Catholic schools, arrested priests, banned youth groups.

What was the Reich Church?

A Nazi-controlled Protestant church led by Bishop Müller.

Who was Joseph Goebbels?

Minister of Propaganda responsible for controlling all media and spreading Nazi ideas.

What was the purpose of Nazi rallies?

To show unity and strength of the Nazi regime, especially at Nuremberg.

What was the Volksempfänger?

A cheap radio sold to ensure everyone heard Nazi broadcasts.

What were Nazi views on art?

Modern art was banned; favoured romantic, classical German art.

How did Nazis control literature?

Banned 2,500 writers; burned 20,000 books in Berlin in 1933.

What were the Nuremberg Laws (1935)?

Stripped Jews of citizenship and banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews.

What was Kristallnacht (1938)?

A state-organized attack on Jews: synagogues destroyed, 20,000 sent to camps.

How were Roma people persecuted?

Sent to camps and subject to racial experiments.

What was the T-4 Programme?

Nazi euthanasia programme that killed 250,000 disabled people.

What happened to homosexuals under Nazi rule?

Arrested, forced to wear pink triangles, and sent to concentration camps.