anatomy module 4 test 2

These flashcards provide key terminology and definitions related to the male and female reproductive systems, as well as important processes such as fertilization and fetal development.

Gonads

Reproductive organs that produce gametes and hormones.

Gametes

Sexual reproductive cells, such as sperm and ova.

Accessory glands

Glands that secrete fluids into the reproductive system or ducts.

Perineal structures

External genitalia associated with the reproductive system.

Testes

Male gonads that produce spermatozoa.

Male reproductive tract

The pathway that transports sperm with secretions of accessory glands.

Epididymis

A coiled duct where sperm mature.

Ductus deferens

Conducts sperm from the epididymis to prostate gland.

Ejaculatory duct

Duct that transports sperm to the urethra.

Seminal vesicles

Glands that contribute fluid to form semen volume.

Prostate gland

Gland that secretes fluid and enzymes into semen.

Urethra

The tube that conducts semen to the exterior.

Scrotum

The pouch that surrounds the testes.

Semen

Fluid containing sperm and secretions from accessory glands.

Dartos muscle

Muscle in the scrotum that aids in temperature regulation.

Semen composition

Mixture of sperm and fluid from seminal vesicles and prostate.

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Enlargement of the prostate that can affect urination.

Prostate cancer

A common cancer among men, detectable via PSA blood test.

Ovulation

Release of an oocyte from the ovary.

Uterus

The organ where embryo implantation and fetal development occurs.

Vagina

The muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the uterus.

Clitoris

Female erectile tissue that provides pleasurable sensations.

Labia

Fold of skin that protect the vaginal opening.

Mammary glands

Glands that produce milk for newborns.

Endometrium

Inner lining of the uterus, which changes during the menstrual cycle.

Myometrium

Muscular layer of the uterus that helps expel the fetus during childbirth.

Perimetrium

Outer layer of the uterus, a serous membrane.

Cleavage

Division of the zygote into smaller cells called blastomeres.

Zygote

A fertilized egg with 46 chromosomes.

Blastocyst

Hollow ball of cells formed from the morula, implants in the uterus.

Trophoblast

Outer layer of blastocyst that provides nutrients to the developing embryo.

Chorion

The membrane surrounding the embryo, involved in nutrient exchange.

Placenta

Organ that facilitates the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between mother and fetus.

Umbilical cord

Structure connecting the fetus to the placenta.

Oocyte

Female reproductive cell that develops into an egg.

Follicle

Structure in which oocytes mature in the ovaries.

Fertilization

The union of sperm and egg to form a zygote.

Ejaculation

Release of semen from the male reproductive tract.

Proliferative phase

Stage of the uterine cycle following menstruation where the endometrium thickens.

Secretory phase

Stage of the uterine cycle after ovulation characterized by increased hormone levels.

Miscarriage

Spontaneous abortion or loss of pregnancy before the fetus can survive independently.

Ovarian cycle

The monthly series of changes in ovarian follicles and hormones.

Cervix

Lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina.

Infundibulum

Funnel-shaped structure at the end of the uterine tubes.

Fimbriae

Finger-like projections that help guide the oocyte into the uterine tube.

Blastocoele

The fluid-filled cavity inside a blastocyst.

Fetal development

Process of growth and differentiation of the fetus in the uterus.

Gestation

The period of development of the fetus in the womb.

Amnion

Membrane that encloses the amniotic cavity and fetus.

Allantois

Extra-embryonic membrane involved in early fluid exchange and urinary bladder formation.