Science Test - 12/10

What are the areas known as carbon sink?

Forest, Ocean, Soil

____is the type of air pollution that results when sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon based compounds released from car exhaust and factories react with moisture in the air to form acids.

acid rain

_____is the type of air pollution that results from the reaction between sunlight and exhaust from cars.

Photochemical smog

_____is the clearing of forest land for agriculture, grazing, urban development, or logging.

deforestation

_____ are any substances that contaminate the environment.

Pollutants

The largest number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support is called _____.

carrying capacity

When dissolved in water, CO2 forms carbonic acid which eats away at _____-based materials.

calcium

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC molecules that are released from air conditioners and refrigerators) destroy which type of molecule?

ozone

A 12 on the pH scale is considered _____.

basic

A 7 on the pH scale is considered _____.

neutral

A 3 on the pH scale is considered _____.

acidic

Increased oceanic CO2 levels is resulting in _____.

ocean acidification

At least _____ of atmospheric CO2 is absorbed into the Earth's oceans.

25%

Over the past 100 years, atmospheric CO2 has been _____.

increasing

Light colored surfaces have _____ albedo (snow, glaciers).

high

Dark colored surfaces have _____ albedo (oceans, pavement)

low

The _____ is the ability of a surface to reflect away solar radiation.

albedo effect

Humans are _____ the amount of Greenhouse Gases in the atmosphere by burning Fossil Fuels.

increasing

Land and water give off energy in as _____.

infrared radiation

The Natural Greenhouse Effect _____.

makes our atmosphere live-able

_____ is renewable organic matter (wood, soy, corn, sugarcane fibers, rice hulls, animal manure) that is burned to convert chemical potential energy to electrical energy.

Biomass

Areas where magma is close to Earth’s surface, _____ can be created by surrounding hot rocks heat water into steam, steam turning a turbine and producing electricity.

Geothermal energy

_____ is created when gravitational potential energy of falling water is used to spin a turbine.

hydroelectricity

A _____ converts solar (radiant) energy into electrical energy.

Photovoltaic cell/PV cells

An energy source that is replaced by natural processes faster than humans can consume the resource is considered _____.

renewable

The process in which two atoms combine into one is called _____.

Fuison

The process by which one atom is split into two is called _____.

Fission

Nuclear energy is considered _____.

Nonrenewable

Fossil fuel made from decomposing swamp plants buried under mud with no oxygen.

coal

Fossil fuel composed of mostly methane, but could also contain butane or propane.

Natural Gas

Fossil fuel made from partially decomposed ancient marine microorganisms that sunk to ocean floor and over time, were buried under layers of sediment and rock.

oil

A _____ converts chemical potential energy stored within bonds of fossil fuel into thermal energy.

combustion Reaction

When carbon and hydrogen atoms from a fossil fuel combine with oxygen from the air, they form _____.

carbon dioxide and water

Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?

nuclear

what are the three fossil fuels

Coal, Gas, and Oil

 This type of renewable energy uses PV cells to convert sunlight into electricity.

solar

Electricity produced by moving water is called ____________.

hydroelectricity

 In a nuclear power plant, the rate of the reaction is controlled using these.

control rods

These molecules can destroy ozone in the Earth’s atmosphere.

CFCs

This type of renewable energy harnesses the heat of the earth’s interior.

Geothermal energy

This type of renewable energy uses a large turbine to convert mechanical energy of the wind into electrical energy.

Wind energy

This type of renewable energy uses the motion of the ocean to generate electricity.

Tidal energy

This type of renewable energy produces the most CO₂ than any other type of renewable energy.

Biomass

This is a resource that is used faster than it is replenished. 

Non-renewable

____________ convert solar energy into electrical energy.

Photovoltaic cells

 As atmospheric CO₂ increases, oceanic pH will become ________ acidic.

more

Heat energy is also called __________.

Infrared energy

Oysters and shellfish are both types of ___________.

Marine Calcifiers

CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O is an example of a _______________.

Combustion reaction

__________ is commonly used to fuel nuclear power plants.

Uranium-235