Global History II - Regents Review Topic 7 & 8 Vocab

Militarism

opinions of people who believe that a country should use military strength to gain power

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Country in Southeast Europe on the Balkan Peninsula

Serbia

Integral part of Yugoslavia in the Balkans

Powder Keg

term used to describe the situation in the Balkan Region before World War 1

Black Hand

lawless secret society engaged in criminal activities such as terrorism

Franz Ferdinand

archduke of Austria-Hungary; his assassination triggered the outbreak of World War I

Triple Entente

Association between Great Britain, France, and Russia

Triple Alliance

Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Lusitania

a swift-moving British cruise liner traveling from New York to Liverpool, England; which was sunk by German U-Boats

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Russia and the Central Powers, that ended Russia's participation in World War I

Trench Warfare

warfare in which opposing armed forces attack, counterattack, and defend from relatively permanent systems of trenches dug into the ground

Total War

mobilization, refusal to compromise, the blurring of roles between soldier and civilians, and total control of society

Propaganda

manipulation of information to influence public opinion

Neutral

the legal status arising from the abstention of a state from all participation in a war between other states

Armistice

an agreement for the cessation of active hostilities between two or more states

Self-Determination

a nation-a group of people with similar political ambitions-can seek to create its own independent government or state

Treaty of Versailles

was signed by Germany and the Allied Nations on June 28, 1919, formally ending World War One

League of Nations

an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes

Alexander II

Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881

Russification

the policy of enforcing Russian culture on the vast numbers of ethnic minorities that lived in the Russian Empire

Pogrom

a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews

Nicholas II

the last Czar of the Russian Empire who ruled between 1894 and 1917

Russian Revolution of 1905

a wave of mass political and social unrest then began to spread across the vast areas of the Russian Empire

Lenin

served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924

Bolshevik

a member of the extremist wing of the Russian Social Democratic party that seized power in Russia by the Revolution of November 1917

New Economic Policy

a radical shift in Bolshevik economic strategy

Stalin

the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR from 1929 to 1953

Great Purge

Stalin's campaign to solidify his power over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the state

Gulags

a system of forced labor camps established during Joseph Stalin's reign as dictator of the Soviet Union

Totalitarianism

a form of government that attempts to assert total control over the lives of its citizens

Command Economy

requires that a nation's central government own and control the means of production

Five-Year Plans

method of planning economic growth over limited periods, through the use of quotas, used first in the Soviet Union and later in other socialist states

Collectivization

to give up individual ownership of an industry and form a collaborative group instead

Holodomor

the starvation of millions of Ukrainians in 1932-33 as a result of Soviet policies

Forced Famine

a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians

Ukrainian Kulaks

a peasant who owns a prosperous farm and a substantial allotment of land, which he works with the help of hired labor

Leon Trotsky

a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist

Soviet Union

a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991