Chemistry - Ch 9 Vocab

Chemical Reaction

The process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances

Reactant

The starting substances in a chemical reaction

Product

The substances formed during the reaction

Chemical Equation

A statement that uses chemical formulas to show the identities and relative amounts of the substances involved in a chemical reaction

Coefficient

The number written in front of a reactant or product

Synthesis Reaction

A chemical reaction in which two or more substances (A and B) react to produce a single product (AB)

Combustion Reaction

Oxygen combines with a substance and releases energy in the form of heat and light

Decomposition Reaction

A single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds

Single-Replacement Reaction

A reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound

Double-Replacement Reaction

Involves an exchange of ions between two compounds

Precipitate

A solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution

Aqueous Solution

Occurs when a substance dissolves in water; contains one or more substances

Solute

The substance that dissolves in water

Solvent

The most plentiful substance in the solution

Complete Ionic Equation

An ionic equation that shows all of the particles in a solution as they exist

Spectator Ion

Ions that do not participate in a reaction

Net Ionic Equations

Ionic equations that include only the particles that participate in the reaction

Metal Oxide + CO₂

Metal Carbonate

Metal Hydroxide + H₂

Metal in H₂O

Metal Hydroxide

Metal Oxide in H₂O

Metal Oxide + H₂O

Metal Hydroxide

Metal Chloride + O₂

Metal Chlorate

CO₂ + H₂O

CxHy + O₂

H₂O(l) + ions

Acid + Base

CO₂(g) + H₂O(l) + ions

Acid + Carbonate

H₂S(g) + ions

Acid + Sulfide

HCN(g) + ions

Acid + Cyanide

HCl, HBr, HI, H₂SO₄, HNO₃, HClO₄, HClO₃

Strong Acids

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂

(Most Common) Strong Bases

NO₃-, Group 1, NH₄+, C₂H₃O₂-, ClO₄-, ClO₃-

No Exceptions

Pb²+, Pb⁴+, Ag+, Hg₂²+

Cl-, Br-, I-

Pb²+, Pb⁴+, Ag+, Hg₂²+, Ca²+, Sr²+, Ba²+

SO₄²-