Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

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50 Terms

1
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What are the 5 subdivision of the spinal cord?

Cervical (C1 - C8)

Thoracic (T1 - T12)

Lumbar (L1 - L5)

Sacral (S1 - S5)

Coccygeal (C1)

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What are the 7 spinal cord features?

Cervical Enlargement

Lumbar Enlargement

Conus Medullaris

Fillum Terminale

Posterior Median Sulcus

Anterior Median Fissure

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Cervical Enlargement

lots of axons on spinal cord, innervate UPPER LIMBS

Enlargement: attachment of large nerves

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Lumbar Enlargement

lots of axons on spinal cord, innervate LOWER LIMBS

Enlargment: attachment of large nerves

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Conus Medullaris

Tapered lower end of spinal cord (where nerve starts to thin out)

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Cauda Equina

group of axons on spinal cord, project INFERIORLY from spinal cord

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Fillum Terminale

thin strands of pia mater on spinal cord, anchors CONUS MEDULLARIS to coccyx

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Posterior Median Sulcus

narrow groove on posterior surface of spinal cord

DIMINISHES in lower spinal cord

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Anterior Median Fissure

wider groove on anterior surface of spinal cord

INCREASES in lower spinal cord

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Gray Matter in the spinal cord

Anterior Gray Horn

Lateral Gray Horn (only found in T1 - L2)

Posterior Gray Horn

Gray Commisure

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Draw and Label a spinal cord regarding gray matter

knowt flashcard image
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What Nuclei is in Anterior Gray Horn?

Somatic Motor Nuclei - innervate (send signals to) skeletal muscles (voluntary)

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What nuclei is found in lateral gray horn?

Autonomic Motor Nuclei - innervate (send signals to) smooth muscle (involuntary)

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What nuclei is found in Posterior Gray Horn?

Somatic Sensory Nuclei - RECIEVE signals from sensory receptors of skin

Visceral Sensory Nuclei - RECIEVE signals from viscera and smooth muscles

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Anterior Gray Horn

In spinal cord, contain somatic motor cell bodies (VOLUNTARY MOTOR)

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Lateral Gray Horn

in spinal cord (ONLY T1-L2), contain autonomic motor cell bodies (INVOLUNTARY MOTOR)

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Posterior Gray Horn

contains:

axons of SENSORY NEURONS

cell bodies of INTERNEURONS

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Gray Commisure

in spinal cord, unmyelinated axons, communicates between left and right horns

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What is a Funiculi?

White part of spinal cord

Poster, Lateral, Anterior (connected by white commisure)

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Order of Spinal Cord Meninges

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Order of Spinal Cord Meninges (superficial → deep)

Vertebra

Epidural Spcae (mainly fat, NOT IN CRANIAL)

Dura Mater (single meningeal layer)

Subdural Space

Arachnoid Mater

Subarachnoid Space (contians in CSF)

Pia Mater

<p>Vertebra</p><p>Epidural Spcae (mainly fat, NOT IN CRANIAL)</p><p>Dura Mater (single meningeal layer)</p><p>Subdural Space</p><p>Arachnoid Mater</p><p>Subarachnoid Space (contians in CSF)</p><p>Pia Mater</p>
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What are two of the differences between Cranial Meninges and Spinal Cord Meninges

Epidural space does NOT exist in cranial meninges

Dura Mater in SPINAL CORD MENINGES is SINGLE LAYER

23
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Draw and Label Spinal Nerve

Anterior Rootlets

Anterior Root

Posterior Rootlets

Posterior Root

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Spinal Nerve (splits into Posterior Ramus, Anterior Ramus, Rami Communicates)

<p>Anterior Rootlets</p><p>Anterior Root</p><p>Posterior Rootlets</p><p>Posterior Root</p><p>Dorsal Root Ganglion</p><p>Spinal Nerve (splits into Posterior Ramus, Anterior Ramus, Rami Communicates)</p>
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What type of ganglion is a Dorsal Root Ganglion

Unipolar Ganglion! ONLY sensory cell bodies

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What neurons are in Posterior Root? Anterior Root?

Posterior Root: Afferent (Sensory)

Anterior Root: Efferent (Motor)

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What does the spinal nerve split into?

Posterior Ramus

Anterior Ramus

Rami Communicates

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Posterior Ramus

smaller/thinner; innervates DEEP back muscles, helpswith posture

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Anterior Ramus

larger, anterior AND lateral trunk/lower limbs/upper limbs, splits further to form nerve plexuses

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Rami Communicates

Axons associated w/ autonomic nervous system, goes to AUTONOMIC ganglion trunk (sending signals to involuntary muscles)

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Autonomic Nervous System Pathway

Preganglionic Neuron: BEFORE autonomic ganglion, in CNS → goes to outside spinal cord (anterior root) to ganglia

Postganglion Neuron: after autonomic ganglion, unmyelinated axons in parasympathetic N.S,

Effector: organ affected

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Parasympathetic Nervous System Pathway

Preganglionic Neuron (LONGER)

Autonomic Ganglia (near effector)

Postganglionic Neuron (SHORTER)

Effector Organ

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Sympathetic Nervous System Pathway (2)

Preganglionic Neuron (SHORTER)

Autonomic Ganglion (near spinal cord)

Postganglionic Neuron (LONGER)

Effector Organ

OR

Preganglionic Neuron

Adrenal Medulla

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Cholinergic Fibers

release Acytelcholine

in all ganglionic BESIDES sympathetic postganglionic axons NOT in sweat glands

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Adrenergic Fibers

release Norepinephrine

in ALL sympathetic postganglionic BESIDES sweat glands

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What ganglion have cholinergic fibers?

Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons

Parasympathetic Postganglionic Neurons

Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons

Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons IN SWEAT GLANDS

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What ganglion have Adrenergic Fibers?

Sympathetic Postganglionic NOT in sweat glands

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Adrenal Medulla

contain Chromaffin cells

  • Release Norepinephrine and Epinephrine (adrenaline, only in stress situations)

stimulated by sympathetic preganglionic neuron

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What is a Dermatone?

a segment of skin SPECIFIC spinal nerve is responsible for

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What is an example of Referred Pain?

Having a heart attack and feeling pain in left arm because they have the same innervations

Getting kicked in the balls and feeling pain in your abdomen

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What are the four Nerve Plexuses

Cervical Plexus (C1 - C4)

Brachial (C5 - C8)

Lumbar (L1 - L4)

Sacral (L4 - S4)

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What spinal cord region has no Nerve Plexuses

THORACIC REGION

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What main nerve is in the Cervical Plexus

Phrenic Nerve: innervates DIAPHRAGM

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What main nerves are part of Brachial Plexus

POSTERIOR CORD: Axillary Nerve, Radial Nerve

LATERAL CORD: Muscutaneous Nerve

LATERL+ MEDIAL CORD: Median Nerve

MEDIAL CORD: Ulnar Nerve

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Axillary Nerve innervation

Deltoid and Teres Major

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Radial Nerve innervation

most of posterior side of the arm (EXTENSORS!)

  • Triceps Brachii

  • Brachioradialis

  • Extensors!

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Musculotaneous Nerve innervations

flexors in ARM (FLEXION)

  • Brachialis

  • Biceps Brachii

  • Coracobrachialis

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Median Nerve innervations

flexors in FOREARM (FLEXION!)

  • besides Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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Ulnar Nerve innervation

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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What nerves are in the Lumbar Plexus

Femoral Nerve: anterior! more lateral → ABDUCTOR!

Obturator Nerve: medial! more medial → ADDUCTOR! (comes out of obturator)

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What are the nerves in the Sacral Plexus?

Sciatic Nerve: BIGGEST NERVE, all leg BESIDES anterior thigh (femoral nerve) and medial thigh (obturator nerve); splits into tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Tibial Nerve: Posterior - (opposite) FLEXORS

Common Fibular Nerve: Anterior - (opposite) EXTENSORS