The Unfinished Nation - Chapter 2: Transplantations and Borderlands

Jamestown

first colonial settlement of the London Company in North America

Powhatan

chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father of Pocahontas

John Smith

world traveler and writer whose leadership helped the Jamestown colony survive

headright system

a grant system that allowed new settlers to acquire fifty acres of land in a variety of ways

(Virginia) House of Burgesses

the first elected legislature in what would become the United States

Indentured Servitude

the condition of being bound to an employer for a specific period of time, usually in exchange for the cost of passage to a new land. The labor practice was most commonly used in Britain's American colonies.

William Berkeley

the royal governor of Virginia during Bacon's Rebellion

Bacon's Rebellion

a major conflict in Virginia pitting the ruling gentry class against black and white laborers and black slaves seeking greater freedoms and opportunities that resulted in a sharper definition between Indian and white spheres of influence.

slave codes

laws passed in the British colonies or in American states granting white masters absolute authority over the enslaved; these included laws depriving slaves of property, free movement, and legal defenses.

George Calvert

the first Lord Baltimore who, with his son Cecilius, the second Lord Baltimore, was instrumental in the founding of Maryland.

Cecilius Calvert

the second Lord Baltimore who, with his father George Calvert, was instrumental in the founding of Baltimore.

Mayflower Compact

document that the Pilgrims signed to establish a government for themselves

Plymouth Plantation

first Pilgrim settlement in Massachusetts

Massachusetts Bay Company

group of Puritan merchants in England who organized a new colonial venture in America

John Winthrop

governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company who dominated colonial politics

Theocracy

a form of government in which political power is believed to derive from a deity, and in which religious and government structures are intertwined

Roger Williams

controversial minister who established the Rhode Island colony where people of different faiths could worship without interference

Anne Hutchinson

critic of the clerical doctrine of grace who sparked the Antinomian heresy that challenged the spiritual authority of established clergy

Antinomianism

a belief that salvation comes from God's grace alone and not from good works

Pequot War

war in Connecticut during q637 between English settlers and Indians of the region

King Philip's War

the most prolonged and deadly encounter between whites and Indians in the seventeenth century

Metacom

leader of an attempt by Indians in seventeenth-century New England to drive out English settlers and resist encroachment on their lands

Quakers

a Protestant sect that called themselves the Society of Friends and believed that all could attain salvation by cultivating their inherent divinity

William Penn

outspoken Quaker who led the colony of Pennsylvania after receiving a royal land grant

Middle Grounds

places where European and Indian cultures interacted and where neither side has a military advantage

James Oglethorpe

veteran British general who spearheaded the founding of Georgia

Navigation Acts

three laws that Parliamant passed to regulate colonial commerce

Dominion of New England

colonial entity formed when James II combined the government of Massachusetts with the government of the rest of the New England colonies and, later, also included New York and New Jersey.

Jacob Leisler

colonist who raised a militia in 1689 and proclaimed himself the head of government in New York