Perineal lacerations

• What 1st degree of Perineal lacerations?

• Through skin and superficial muscles

• What is 2nd degree of Perineal lacerations

• Through muscles

• What are 3rd degree Perineal lacerations?

• Through anal sphincter

• What is the 4th degree of Perineal lacerations?

• Anterior rectal wall

• When does Placenta separation occur?

• During third stage of labor

• What are the manifestations of placenta separations?

• Firmly contracted uterus

• Change in uterine shape

• Sudden gush of blood

• Lengthening of umbilical cord

• Membranes at introitus

• What is Methotrexate used for

• Ectopic pregnancy termination

• How does Methotrexate work

• Stops pregnancy growth

• What is ectopic pregnancy?

• Fertilization outside of uterine cavity

• What is the use of Oxytocin (Pitocin)

• To induce labor or to increase it

• Also used to prevent or treat PPH

• What is cervical ripening?

• Process by which cervix softens

• Thins

• Begins to dilate (open)

• What drugs are used for cervical ripening?

• Misoprostol (cytotec)

  • Also for PGE1

• Dinoprostone (Cervidil)

  • Also for PPH

• What are the side effects of Misoprostol (cytotec)

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Tachysystole

• What are the contraindications of Dinoprostone (Cervidil)?

• Asthma

• glaucoma 

• Hypotension/hypertension