Honors US History Unit 12

Jim Crow Laws

State and local law that enforced racial segregation

De jure segregation

racial segregation created by law

De facto segregation

racial segregation created by choice?

W.E.B Du Bois

Founding member of the NAACP and helped define their goals

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Founded in 1942 to help bring about change peacefully

Thurgood Marshall

Agreed Brown’s cause against the board of Education

Brown v Board of Education

The court supported Brown’s case for desegragation

Orcal Faubus

Governor of Arkansas who posted Arkansas Nation guard troops at Central High School. Instructed them two turn away the nine African American students

Who was MLK Jr. influenced by to encourage nonviolence?

Gandhi and Henry David Thoreau

Gandhi

Helped India gain its independence

Thoreau

Advocated civil disobedience

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

A significant civil rights organization founded by MLK and other African Americans. Advocated for nonviolent protest

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Run by young civil rights activists. Members sought immediate change as opposed to gradual change

The sit-ins

Protestors sat down in a segregated public place and refused to leave until they were served

Freedom rides

A series of political protests against segregation by Blacks ad whites who rode buses together through the American South in 1961

The March on Washington

Proposed to focus attention on Kennedy’s bill. Despite the successful I have a Dream speech, the bill remained stalled in Congress

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned discrimination, different voter registration standards for black, and prohibited discrimination in public accommodations

Freedom Summer

A voter registration drive in Mississippi

The voting Tights Act of 1965

Allowed federal officials to register voters in places where local officials were preventing African Americans from registering. Eliminated literacy test

24th Amendment

Outlawed poll tax

Black nationalisms

A belief in the separate identity and racial unity of the African American community

Stokely Carmichael

Made the SNCC more radical under his leadership. He advocated ideas of black power

The black panthers

Wanted African Americans to lead their own communities. Demanded that the federal government rebuild the nation’s ghettos

Poor People’s campaign

Where MLK was when he was shot. It was an effort to rescue economic injustice