Infectious Diseases Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from the Infectious Diseases Lecture.

Learning objectives include:

Differentaite between infectious diseases; give examples of medically important infectious diseases; define the parts of the immune system responsible for removal of a particular infectious disease

The leading causes of death globally in 2019 were:

Ischaemic heart disease and stroke

The leading causes of death in low-income countries in 2019 were:

Neonatal conditions and lower respiratory infections

The leading causes of death in high-income countries in 2019 were:

Ischaemic heart disease and Alzheimer's disease

Normally about >500,000 people are born and _ die in the UK every year.

~500,000

In 1676, _ discovered ‘animalicules’.

van Leewenhoek

In 1796, _ discovered Immunisation and Vaccination.

Jenner

In 1861, _ proposed that IDs are living organisms.

Pasteur

In 1884, _ formulated rules to demonstrate ‘cause and effect’.

Koch

In 1892, _ identified viruses.

Ivanovski

In 1929, _ discovered penicillin.

Fleming

_: ‘charged air combined with organic decomposition from the earth’ produced gases or miasms.

Miasma theory

_: Spontaneous generation in the blood / blood fermentation

Blood generation theory

_: infection was caused by a living organism, a contagium vivum.

Germ Theory

Infectious diseases include:

Bacteria, Fungi, Protists, Helminths, Prions, and Viruses

_: benefit at the expense of the host

Parasites

_: cause a disease in the host

Pathogens

_: no effect on the host

Commensals

_: benefit the host

Mutualists

Classifying and comparing Infectious Diseases includes organisms or particle size, , , , and .

genome size organisation; replication/reproduce/spread; immunity; extracellular/intracellular

Viruses are essentially _.

Nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat

Classification of viruses is based on _.

envelope and nucleic acid

Immunity to viruses during the intracellular phase involves _.

Interferon, NK cells, and Cytotoxic T cells

Immunity to viruses during the extracellular phase involves _.

Antibodies

Bacteria are _.

Unicellular organisms

Immunity to extracellular bacteria involves _.

Phagocytes; Antibody; Complement

Immunity to intracellular bacteria involves _.

Cytotoxic T cells; Helper T cells

Fungi are _.

Eukaryotic

Fungi are either or .

Single cells-yeasts and Branching filaments (hyphae)- molds

_ are a major group of eukaryotic organisms.

Protists

Many protists alternate between a vegetative form () and a resting form ().

Trophozoite and Cyst

Helminths (Worms) are _.

Multi-cellular, Hard exoskeleton, and Eukaryotic

Prions are composed solely of _.

Protein

Prion protein (PrP) is _.

Host encoded

Prion protein exists in two forms, conformers: and .

normal cellular protein, PrPC (cellular) and a pathogenic misfolded protein, PrPSC (scrapie)

There is no good evidence for _ to prions.

protective immunity

Infectious disease (or communicable disease) is defined as _.

an illness caused by a specific infectious agent or its toxic product that results from transmission of that agent or its products from an infected person, animal, or reservoir to a susceptible host, either directly or indirectly through an intermediate plant or animal host, vector or inanimate environment