LECTURE 6 - PROTEIN DISTRIBUTION, NUTRITION, AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION

what are the 3 main macronutrients? what digestible components do we absorb?

-carbohydrates —→ monosaccharides

-lipids —→ fatty acids + glycerol

-proteins —→ amino acids

“—→” = broken down and thats what we absorb

how do essential and non-essential nutrients differ?

ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS

• nutrients that are essential to survival

• cannot be synthesized by the body or cannot be synthesized in high enough quantities to sustain life

  • must receive via our diet

• certain amino acids, water, vitamins, (most B vitamins, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K)

NON-ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS

what is cellular respiration?

• know the 3 main steps, what materials are entering in each step, and the overall number of ATP, NADH, and FADH₂ produced

• The diagram from week 2 lab will be provided on your exam*

-breakdown of glucose to produce energy (ATP)

-C₆H₁₂O₆+O₂ —→ 6H₂O +6HCO₂ + ATP + heat

-3 main steps:

1. Glycolysis

2. Krebs Cycle

3. Electron Transport Chain

when does lactic acid formation occur? why would it occur in this state?

-IF O₂ IS PRESENT!!!(lactic acid formation occurs)

-

what is an aerobic state? what would happen to pyruvate in this state?

?

what 2 molecules enter the electron transport chain? how many ATP would be produced per each molecule?

-NADH and FADH₂

what are the starting and ending products for each process below? when would each process typically occur?

• glycogenesis

• glycogenolysis

• gluconeogenesis

• lipogenesis

• lipolysis

?

what are the starting and ending products for each process below? when would each process typically occur?

• glycogenesis

• glycogenolysis

• gluconeogenesis

• lipogenesis

• lipolysis

LIPOGENESIS

-

LIPOLYSIS

-lipo = lipase and -lysis = break down; so break down of lipase or lipids

when would protein catabolism occur? why is this not ideal?

-during period of starvation/insufficient glucose and triglycerides proteins are broken down

• form keto acids and ammonia

• keto acids results in the production of urea

• ammonia affects pH of blood????

MATCH

1. Generates proton gradient

2. Converts glucose to pyruvic acid

3. Hydrolyzes glycogen to glucose

monomers

4. Polymerizes glucose to form

glycogen

5. Way of storing energy

6. Generates ATP

7. Breakdown of fats

8. Forms glucose from

noncarbohydrate precursors

—————————————————————

A. Glycolysis

B. ETC

C. Krebs Cycle

D. Glycogenesis

E. Glycogenolysis

AB. Gluconeogenesis

AC. Lypolysis

AD. Lypogenesis

1. B

2. A

3. E

4. D

5. D, AD

6. A, B, C

7. AC

8. AB