Classical Greece revision 2/2

What was the Parthenon?

A temple dedicated to Athena

What does Parthenon mean?

Maiden or unmarried girl

What are pediments?

The triangular upper part of a classical building.

What do the first pediments depict?

Athena's birth from the head of Zeus

What does the second pediment depict?

The contest between Athena and Poseidon for the naming of Athens

What do the Metopes depict?

The famous battles beyween the Athenians and their enemies.

What is Athena the goddess of?

Wisdom and war

What was the main purpose of the Parthenon?

To house a statue of Athena

What is the statue of Athena holding?

Nike, the goddess of victory

What is a frieze?

A continuous, sculptured band of stone

What does the frieze depict?

The Panathenaiac procession and all those involved

When did the Ancient Greeks get time off from work?

Festival days

What was the Panathenaia?

A festival in honour of Athena

When did the Panathenaia take place?

Around the time of Athena's birthday every year

When did the Great Panathenaia happen?

Every four years

What was the Peplos?

A purple and yellow cloth

What is woven into the Peplos?

The Olympians' victory over the Giants

Who made the Peplos?

A team of young women

How did women play a vital role in the Panathenaia?

They made the Peplos which was a central icon of the festival

What did the Peplos look like in the Great Panathenaia?

It was much larger than a normal Peplos

How are contests worship?

The Greek believed the Gods would be please by people competing against each other in their honour.

What were Rhapsodic Contests?

People reciting epic poetry, such as Homer's Iliad

What were Music Contests?

Singers and soloists playing instruments against each other

What were the prizes for rhapsodic and musical contests?

Cash prizes

Give examples of sports that would be played in sporting events

Wrestling, Boxing, and 200-metre sprint

What were the victors of sporting events rewarded with?

Large jars of olive oil.

What did the prize jars of olive oil depict?

A picture of Athena on one side and the event on the other

Why were jars of olive oil a good prize?

Olive oil in large quantities were very expensive

What did tribal contests consist of?

A torch race and a boat race

How many tribes did Athens have?

10

Could anyone participate in the tribal contests?

Only citizens could

Where did the procession start at?

The Dipylon gate

Where did the procession go?

To the Acropolis

How many sacrificial animals were driven along the procession?

At least 100

What happened when the procession arrived at the Acropolis?

Athenians sacrificed animals and gave the statue of Athena the peplos

What happened after the procession?

A great feast

Who qualified for citizenship in Ancient Greece?

Free-born Athenian men over the age of 18

What were the rights of a citizen?

To speak in the assembly and to be equal under the law.

What rights did a citizens over the age of 30 have?

Serve on the boule and to be elected as a general

What responsibilities did a citzen have?

To take an interest in politics, take part in religious festivals, and be ready to fight in the army.

What were citizens who did not take part in Athenian democracy seen as?

Not in a good light

What were the benefits of citizenship?

Could participate in the government, held in higher regard legally, and citizens learned a lot about politics

What rights did women have?

No political rights, excluded from public life, couldn't inherit property, but were able to take part in some religious ceremonies

What responsibilities did women have?

To perform domestic roles, raise children, and obey their father / husband

What rights did children of citizens have?

Their rights were exercised by their father, no political rights until they were 18

What responsibilities did children have?

To obey their father

Which children didn't have rights?

Children of metics or slaves

What rights did slaves have?

None, they were property of their master

What responsibilities did slaves have?

Just one, to obey their master

Who were Metics in Athens?

Foreigners who lived in Athens

What percentage of metics made up the Athenian population?

Around 30%

Why did metics come to Athens?

For work or to flee political persecution in their home land

Why were metics important to Athens?

They were economically important because they worked in various industries

What did each metic require?

An Athenian patron to sponser them. They had to pay a monthly task for them

What rights did metics have?

No political rights, couldn't own land, some legal rights but a citizen needed to repersent them, had freedom of religious worship

How could Metics get citizenship?

If he performed outstanding service to the city

What were the responsibilities of metics?

To fight for Athens and pay taxes

What did wealthier metics have to do?

Fund theatrical performances and help pay for warships to be built

What percentage of Athens' population could've been considered citizens?

Only around 20%

Who were excluded from Athenian Citizenship?

Women, metics, and slaves

What was the problem with Athenian citizenship?

All citizens had the same rights but not all people shared the same rights therefore there was no equality

What is democracy?

government controlled by the people

What type of democracy did Athens have?

direct democracy

What is a direct democracy?

Citizens directly vote on issues rather than electing repersentatives to take decisions on their behalf.

Who could attend the assembly?

Every citizen

Who could speak in the assembly?

Any citizen, and the other citizens had to listenw

What responsibility did citizens have at the assembly?

To discuss and vote on all of the decisions about how the city would be run

How were officials appointed?

By lot or by election

Where did the assembly meet?

The Pynx

When did the assembly meet?

At dawn

How many times did the assembly meet a year?

40 times

Who would've found it difficult to attend the assembly?

Farmers from outside the city and soldiers serving abroad

What happened to people loitering or wasting time?

Scythian Archers would hit them with a rope dyed with red paint.

What happened to people marked with the red paint?

They would be fined

What happened before the assembly?

A priest would sacrifice a pig and all traitors were cursed

What would the citizens vote on before the assembly?

The agenda provided by the Boule. If it was approved, the meeting would commence.

How would a man speak?

He would put his hand up and wait to be summouned by a herald

What would the speaker wear?

A sacred wreath on his head

How were the meetings recorded?

By a secretary

How was voting done?

By a show of hands

How was voting for important topics done?

With black and white voting pebbles

How many votes were required to decide on the most important topics?

Over 6,000 votes

What were the benefits of Athenian democracy?

Provided equality for citizens because they could participate in the running of their city, every citizen could speak, vote on equal terms, and participate in the government.

What are criticisms of Athenian democracy?

Lack of equality: women, metics, and slaves were excluded. It was difficult for certain eligible groups to attend, and the assembly could somtimes be motivated by mass hysteria

What was a demagogue?

A leader who appeals to the emotions, prejudices, and ignorance of the poorer and less-educated classes in order to gain power

What were Xenophon's comments about Athenian Democracy?

There could be people not suitably skilled or knowledgable enough to take on their roles

What were Socrates' comments about Athenian Democracy?

Some people were not intelligent or educated enough to vote for what was in their interests

What was a Dikē?

A dispute on a private matter such as loan payments or murder

What was a Graphe?

An accusation of a crime against the state, such as misuse of public money or question tactics by general

Was there a prosecution service in Classical Athens?

No

Were the Scythian Archers involved in the legal system?

No, they were not responsible for gathering evidence of crimes.

How would one make a charge in Classical Athens?

The accuser had to serve a summons on the offender in front of witnesses

What happened when a charge was made?

The accuser would appear in front of a magistrate ad evidence was noted by the clerk, Afterwards, no new evidence could be introduced.

What would happen of one side didn't turn up to meet the magistrate?

They automatically lost their case

What did magistrates do with the parties before the trial?

They would often try to get the parties to settle the matter so it did not go to court

Who would chair the trial?

A magistrate, but it was purely administrative

How were speeches timed?

By a water clock. Both men spoke for the same amount of time

How long did a trial last?

A single day

Were witness statements from slaves accepted?

Only if they were tortured out of the slave

Why were slaves tortured for statements?

They wanted to make them more scared of the law rather than their master