Book 2 Ch.1 Network Protocols And Standards

What is a Protocol?

A set of rules used to enable effective communications

What is a Standard?

An agreed upon industry definition of a protocol

What are the five important Standards Organizations?

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)\nInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)\nInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO)\nInternet Engineering Task Force (IETF): \nWorld Wide Web Consortium (W3C):

What is the American National Standards Institution (ANSI)?

This is the official standards organization of the United States.

What is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)?

An international standards organization that publishes key networking standards, in particular the official standard for the ethernet networking system

What is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)?

A federation of more than 100 standards organizations around the world.

What is the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)?

The organization responsible for the protocols that drive the internet.

What is the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)?

An international organization that handles the development of standards for the World Wide Web.

Which layers are known as the lower layers of the OSI Reference Model?

The first three layers. (Physical, Data Link, and Network)

Which layers are known as the upper layers of the OSI Reference Model?

The last four layers. (Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application)

What does the physical layer of the OSI reference model address?

This layer addresses the physical characteristics of the network and the electrical characteristics of the signals used to transmit data over the cables from one network node to another.

What does the data link layer of the OSI address?

This layer addresses the size of each packet of data being sent, the means of addressing each packet so that it’s delivered to the intended recipient, and ensuring that two or more nodes don’t try to transmit data on the network at the same time.

How does the Data link layer allow packets to be sent safely without interference from other nodes sending packets?

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

What is Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)?

An ethernet network access method that's used to regulate the transmission of data packets and detect collisions when they occur.

What does the Carrier Sense part in CSMA/CD do?

This aspect of CSMA/CD is when a device listens to the network media to see whether a packet is already being sent.

What does the Multiple Access part mean?

This aspect of CSMA/CD means that nothing prevents two or more devices from sending a message at the same time.

What does the Collision Detection part do?

This aspect of the CSMA/CD is when a device listens for a collision after sending a packet. If a collision happens then both devices wait a random period of time before trying to send it again.

What are two types of data link devices used in Networks?

Bridges and Switches

What is a bridge?

An intelligent repeater that forwards packets according to the MAC addresses of the nodes on its ports.

What is a Switch?

An intelligent hub similar to a bridge but faster with more ports and features.

What are the two important aspects of the Network Layer?

Logical Addressing and Routing

What does Logical Addressing allow you to do?

Logical Addressing allows you to access a network device by using an address you assign. This address is created using Protocols.

What is Routing?

Routing is the act of sending a packet to a computer on another network. The router is sued to forward the packet which sometimes goes through several intermediate networks.