dev disturbances of jaw

agnathia

an extremely rare congenital defect characterized by the absence of mandible or maxilla

mandible

maxilla

AGNATHIA an extremely rare congenital defect characterized by the absence of ________ or __________

partial absence of mandible

AGNATHIA

• in most cases, only a portion of one jaw is missing, more common is the _______________________

heart disease

Pierre-Robin syndrome

CONGENITAL MICROGNATHIA is associated with other congenital abnormalities particularly _____________ and ____________________

in utero

environmental conditions

pathologic conditions of micrognathia may develop:

congenital

hereditary

MICROGNATHIA

• classification of pathologic conditions that may develop in utero

congenital

present at or before birth but is not necessarily inherited

birth

inherited

CONGENITAL

• present at or before _____ but is not necessarily __________

hereditary

apparent at birth, whereas do not become evident for a number of years after birth

apparent

evident

HEREDITARY

• _________ at birth, whereas do not become _______ for a number of years after birth

jaw

tongue

palatal shelves

cleft palate

CLINICAL FEATURES OF CONGENITAL MICROGNATHIA

• primary defect consists of arrested development of ____, this in turn prevents normal descent of _______ between the ______________ resulting in ___________

respiration

backward

epiglottis

CLINICAL FEATURES OF CONGENITAL MICROGNATHIA

• due to jaw malformation, difficulty in _________ occurs because this condition allows the tongue to fall _________ thus partially obstructing the __________

epiglottis

a flap or cartilage behind the root of the tongue

congenital heart defects

skeletal anomalies

ocular lesions

mental retardation

CLINICAL FEATURES OF CONGENITAL MICROGNATHIA

• other systemic findings include _______________________, ___________________, ______________, and in some patients __________________

hypoxia

gastro-esophageal reflux

bronchopneumonia

exhaustion

TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL MICROGNATHIA

• constant medical suervision to prevent _______, __________________, ________________, and __________

prone positioning

airway placement

tongue

lip adhesion

tracheostomy

TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL MICROGNATHIA

• frequent _____________ to prevent airway obstruction

• intraoral or nasal pharyngeal ________________

• surgical form of _______ and _____________

• _____________

hypoxia

oxygen deficiency

congenital

acquired

classifications of micrognathia

acquired micrognathia

is post natal in origin and usually results from a disturbance in TMJ

post natal

disturbance

TMJ

acquired micrognathia is __________ in origin and usually results from a ____________ in _____

trauma

infection

mastoid

middle ear

acquired micrognathia is post natal in origin and usually results from a DISTURBACE IN TMJ (ex. ankylosis of the joint caused by ______ or ________ of the ________ of the ___________

ankylosis

fusion of bones

retrusion

mandibular angle

chin button

CLINICAL FEATURES OF ACQUIRED MICROGNATHIA

• severe ________ of the chin

• steep ________________

• deficient ________

surgery

TREATMENT OF ACQUIRED MICROGNATHIA

macrognathia

condition of abnormally large jaws

proportional

entire skeleton

MACROGNATHIA

• an increase in size of both jaws is frequently ____________ to the generalized increase in size of _____________

pituitary gigantism

example of acquired macrognathia

mandibular prognathism

common clinical occurrence due to disparity in size if mandible and maxilla in relation to the mandible

mandible

maxilla

mandible

MACROGNATHIA

• mandibular prognathism common clinical occurrence due to disparity in size of ________ and _______ in relation to the _________

paget’s disease of bone

acromegaly

leontiasis ossea

conditions associated with MACROGNATHIA

paget’s disease of bone

in which overgrowth of the cranium and maxilla or occasionally the mandible occurs

cranium

maxilla

mandible

PAGET’S DISEASE OF BONE

• in which overgrowth of the _______ and ________ or occasionally the _________ occurs

osteitis deformans

other name of paget’s disease of bone

40

both sexes

men

chronic

slowly

CLINICAL FEATURES OF PAGET’S DISEASE OF BONE

• occurs in patients over ____ years of age

• ________ are affected but there is slight predilection in _____

• a _______ disease and symptoms develop _______

accident

headache

deafness

blindness

disturbances

paralysis

dizziness

weakness

disturbance

CLINICAL FEATURES OF PAGET’S DISEASE OF BONE

• many times the disease is discovered only by _______

• patients complain of severe ________, __________, visual ____________, facial _________, _________, ___________ and mental _____________

skull

spine

shorter

warm

increase vascularity

CLINICAL FEATURES OF PAGET’S DISEASE OF BONE

• enlargement of the ______, deformity of the _______, femur and tibia so that the patient becomes ________

• involved bone become _____ to touch due to ___________________

bowing

chest

spinal curvature

gait

CLINICAL FEATURES OF PAGET’S DISEASE OF BONE

• ________ of legs, broadening and flattening of the ______ and _________________ and wading of ______

jaw

alveolar ridge

palate

loose

migrate

spacing

ORAL MANIFESTATION OF MACROGNATHIA

• enlargement of the ____, maxilla or mandible or both

• widened ______________

• flattened _______

• if teeth are present they become ______ and _______ producing some _______

alveolar process

bony process that holds the root of the tooth

alveolus(alveoli)

bone of the tooth socket

process

projection or outgrowth of a larger bone structure

severe

maxilla

open

small

enlarged jaw

ORAL MANIFESTATION OF MACROGNATHIA

• when the mandibles is involved, it is not usually as _______ as in the ________

• mouth may remain _____ as the disease progresses because the lips are too _____ to cover the _____________

deossification

softening

dysplastic

functional

osteolytic

osteoblastic

ROENTGENOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF MACROGNATHIA

• initial phase of _____________ and __________, followed by a _________type of reossification not related to __________ requirement

• _________ areas of the skeleton are commonly associated with ____________ activity

multiple

diffuse

isolated

cotton-wool

ROENTGENOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF MACROGNATHIA

• lesions may be ________, _______, and __________

• patchy distribution or ____________ appearance particularly in the skull and jaw

hypercementosis

obliteration

lamina dura

ROENTGENOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF MACROGNATHIA

• ______________ of the teeth may sometimes result in ____________ of periodontal ligament

• loss of well-defined _____________

mosaic

jigsaw

resorbed

repaired

osteoblast

osteoclast

cellular

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES OF MACROGNATHIA

• ________ or ________ appearance of bone which has been partially __________ and _________

• may exhibit large numbers of ___________ or ___________ or both or bone may be resting in place showing little ________ activity

calcitonin

parathormone antagonist produced by thyroid gland which suppresses the bone resorption

diphosphonates

inhibit bone resorption and bone mineralization

calcitonin

diphosphonates

TREATMENT OF MACROGNATHIA

• no specific treatment

• __________

• ______________

antagonist

thyroid gland

resorption

calcitonin is a parathormone ___________ produced by __________ which suppresses the bone _________

resorption

mineralization

diphosphonates inhibit bone _________ and bone _______________

normal life

PROGNOSIS OF MACROGNATHIA

• no treatment although patient my lead to a ____________

acromegaly

there is a progressive enlargement of the mandible due to hyperpituitarism in the patient

enlargement

hyperpituitarism

ACROMEGALY - there is a progressive ____________ of the mandible due to ________________ in the patient

symmetric overgrowth

8 feet

genital underdevelopment

CLINICAL FEATURES OF ACROMEGALY

• general _____________________ of the body

• some patients attain a height of ________

• later in life may show __________________

clinical features of acromegaly

perspiration, headache, lassitude, fatigue, muscle and joint pains and hot flashes

phobia

reduction

phalanges

large

ribs

lips

CLINICAL FEATURES OF ACROMEGALY

• photo ______ and ___________ of vision

• terminal _________ of hand and feet become ______

• increase in size of the _____

• _____ become thick

condylar growth

tongue

indention

buccal

labial

CLINICAL FEATURES OF ACROMEGALY

• large mandible due to the accelerated __________________

• _______ becomes enlarged and shows _______ on the sides from pressures against the teeth which usually tipped to the ______ or ______ side

leontiasis ossea

a form of fibrous dysplasia in which there is enlargement of the maxilla

fibrous dysplacia

maxilla

LEONTIASIS OSSEA is a form of _____________ in which there is enlargement of the __________

fibrous dysplasia

metabolic disturbance characterized by the fibrous displacement of osseous tissues within the bone affected

metabolic

fibrous

osseous tissues

FIBROUS DYSPLASIA is a __________ disturbance characterized by the ______ displacement of __________ within the bone affected

height

ramus

mandibular

length

gonial

anterior

glenoid fossa

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MANDIBULAR PROGNATHISM

• increase ______ of the ______

• increase __________ body ______

• increases ______ angle

• _______ positioning of the ____________

maxillary length

posterior

maxillary

cranium

soft tissues

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MANDIBULAR PROGNATHISM

• decrease ________________

• ________ positioning of the _______ on relation to the _________

• prominent chin button varying ___________ contours

robin anomalad

pierre robin syndrome is also called as ____________

pierre robin syndrome

an ISOLATED DEFECT considered as NON-GENETIC condition with very low occurrence risk

defect

non-genetic

low occurrence risk

PIERRE ROBIN SYNDROME is an isolated _______ considered as _________ condition with very _________________