ap united states history unit 6

Homestead Act

1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years

The Grange

an association formed by farmers in the last 1800s to make life better for farmers by sharing information about crops, prices, and supplies

Battle of Wounded Knee

the massacre by U.S. soldiers of 300 unarmed Native Americans at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota in 1890

Dawes Act

1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners

Frederick Jackson Turner's Thesis

American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into

Jim Crow Laws

limited rights of black people. literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights

Plessy v. Furguson

court case in which the Supreme Court declared that segregation--as long as it was "seperate but equal"--was constitutional

Social Darwinism

the belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle

Haymarket Affair

1886 incident that made unions, particularly the Knights of Labor, look violent because a bomb exploded during a protest of striking workers

Knights of Labor

1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed

American Federation of Labor

the first federation of labor unions in the United States. founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886

Gospel of Wealth

this was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists

New immigrants

immigrants who had come to the US after the 1880s from southern and eastern europe

Jane Addams and Hull House

social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English

Social Gospel Movement

preached salvation through service to the poor

Interstate Commerce Act and ICC

monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices

Pendleton Act

1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States

William Jennings Bryan "Cross of Gold" Speech

speech promoting the idea of changing the exchange rate of silver to gold

Populism

the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite

Gilded Age

1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor

Haymarket Strike

strike in Chicago that turned violent killing 8 policemen and a number of civilians; Workers were striking for an 8 hour work day and better working conditions

Pullman Strike

1894 nonviolent strike at the Pullman Palace Car Co. over wages - Cleveland shut it down because it was interfering with mail delivery

Helen Hunt Jackson

American writer of romantic novels about the unjust treatment of Native Americans

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality

W.E.B. Dubois

opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a "Talented Tenth". Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP

Ida B. Wells

African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores

Robber Barons vs. Captains of Industry

1) used unfair business practices against competitors, corrupt

2) gave money back to charity, established good uses for money

Trust

a group of corporations run by a single board of directors

Holding company

a company whose primary business is owning a controlling share of stock in other companies

Andrew Carnegie

a Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. by 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry

John D. Rockefeller

established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

New South and Henry Grady

1886 his speech said that the South wanted to grow, embrace industry, and eliminate racism and Confederate separatist feelings. was an attempt to get Northern businessmen to invest in the South

Old immigrants

immigrants from northern and western Europe

Ellis Island

immigration processing center that open in New York Harbor in 1892

Eugene Debs

led the Pullman strike and founded the American Railway Union

Tweed Ring

political leader who was corrupt and would often bribe others to get what he wanted

Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Company v. Illinois

1886 case that said that the states could control what travelled inside of their state, but they had no business with railroads crossing state lines

Coxey's March

1894 Jacob Coxey walks from Kansas City to D.C. to protest the non-response of the government to the Panic of 1893