where is sperm produced and where do they mature (1)
siminiferous tubules in testes produce sperm and mature in epididymis
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after maturing in the epididymis, where does sperm move to?
vas deferens and ejaculatory duct while passing many glands and then exit via penis
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cells found in testes
leydig and sertoli cells
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where are leydig cells found and what do they secrete
between the tubules and secrete testosterone
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function of sertoli cells and what do they secrete
support and protect developing spermatids and secrete inhibin
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skin that surrounds testes and lowers testes temperature by 3 degrees celsius is..
scrotum
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raised margin that separates scrotum
raphe
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in the scrotum, what muscles are found in dermis and which are below the dermis?
dartos muscles in dermis and cremaster muscles below dermis
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__ drop into scrotum; contain vas deferens, lymphatics, nerves, artery, veins
spermatic cords
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where does spermatic cords begin and where do they exit
begins at deep inguinal ring at inguinal canal and exits at superficial inguinal ring
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where is the true start of reproductive tract
epididymis
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where is epididymis located
on top of and behind testes
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sperm mature where for 1-2 weeks?
epididymis
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3 functions of epididymis
1. stores/protects sperm and facilitates maturation 2. monitors/adjusts composition of fluid made by seminiferous tubules 3. acts as recycling center for damaged/unused sperm
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vas/ductus deferens coveys sperm during __
arousal
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describe location of vas/ductus deferens
starts at tail of epididymis and travels up and over bladder, expands as ampulla just before prostate gland
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where ampulla meets seminal vesicles, the vas/ductus deferens becomes the what?
accessory sex gland, secrete alkaline fluid, produces majority of semen volume, supplies fructose (energy source)/prostaglandins/clotting proteins
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describe prostate gland
accessory sex gland, lies below bladder, enlarges with age, slightly acidic, produces less semen volume, supplies citrate (energy source)/prostatic specific antigen (psa)/enzymes/seminalplasmin (antibiotic)
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describe bulbourethral glands
accessory sex gland, pea sized, below prostate, secretes alkaline fluid to counteract urethra, produces mucous to lubricate urethra and minimize friction of sperm during ejaculation (precum)
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regions of penis
root, body/shaft, glans covered with prepuce/foreskin
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what forms erectile tissue
corpus/corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
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the penis is supported by 2 ligaments:
fundiform and suspensory
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3 portions of sperm
head, middle piece, tail
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describe head of sperm
nucleus with dna and cap like acrosome (enzymes)
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describe middle pierce of sperm
starts at neck and contains mitochondria
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describe tail of sperm
principle/chief piece and end piece offer movement
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how long can sperm live for after ejaculated
48-72 hours
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what is the process of creating sperm called
spermatogenesis
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spermatogenesis is the process of what?
meiosis to reduce the diploid number (2n) to a haploid number (n)
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cell with 46 chromosomes produces _ sperm cells each with _ chromosomes
4; 23
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when does spermatogenesis begin
puberty
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the male orgasm allows sperm to __ while preventing __ from doing so
primary and secondary sex characteristics, regulates metabolism, role in fluid/electrolyte balance
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role of inhibin in male reproductive system
inhibits fsh
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role of estrogen in male reproductive system
role in sexual behavior, partner preference, spermatogenesis
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role of GnRH in male reproductive system
stimulates production/release of lh and fsh
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role of LH in male reproductive system
stimulates/controls testosterone
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role of FSH in male reproductive system
develops testes and stimulates sperm production
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role of DHEA in male reproductive system
converts to testosterone or estrogen, increase virility and muscle enhancement, masculinization
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male disorders: cryptorchidism
testes that haven’t descended, requires surgical repair (orchiopexy)
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male disorders: benign prostatic hypertrophy
prostate enlarges, psa levels rise, issues with voiding
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male disorders: prostate cancer
most common diagnosed cancer in males, high elevated psa levels, test annually, dre recommended with psa test
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male disorders: phimosis
foreskin too tight and doesn’t retract, blocks urethra
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male disorders: hydrocele
fluid accumulates in scrotum, congenital/trauma/infection
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male disorders: erectile dysfunction (ED)
impotence, unable to ejaculate or have erection, due to physical or psychological causes: diabetes/arteriosclerosis/alcoholism/meds/radiation/tumors/spinal cord trauma and surgery/anxiety/depression/stress
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ovaries contain
eggs/ova/oocytes
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when egg released during ovulation, egg travels the __ and connects to __
oviducts (fallopian tubes); uterus
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the __ leads to external genitalia of the __
vulva
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what is found in cortex of ovaries
cumulus oophorus, membrana granulosa, corona radiata, zona pellucida, primary oocyte, antrum, corpus luteum, corpus albicans
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corpus luteum, remnants derived from follicles becomes a __
corpus albicans (scar)
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follicles are usually not found in the __ of the ovaries
medulla
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what shape and size are ovaries
almond
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females are born with __ the eggs she will have in her lifetime
all
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3 functions of the ovaries
1. production of oocytes 2. secretion of sex hormones 3. secretion of inhibin
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during ovulation usually __ is released, leaving behind a corpus luteum
one
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oogenesis
process of meiosis to reduce the diploid number (2n) to a haploid number (n)
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Flashcard (40)