Early Tissue Reactions Notes

Somatic effects 

 effects upon the body that was irradiated

Genetic effects  

 effects upon future generations due to irradiation of germ cells

Somatic effects

are also known as: deterministic effects

The amount of biologic damage depends on:

the actual absorbed dose of radiation

Early tissue reactions may appear within:

minutes, hours, days, or weeks

High doses consequences: 

• Nausea

• Fatigue

• Erythema (diffuse redness of the skin)

• Epilation (hair loss)

• Blood disorders

• Intestinal disorders

• Fever

• Dry and moist desquamation (shedding of outer layer of skin)

• Depressed sperm count in males

• Temporary or permanent sterility in males and females

• Injury to the central nervous system (at extremely high doses)

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) occurs in humans after:

large whole-body doses of ionizing radiation 

The 3 separate dose related syndromes a part of ARS are called:

• Hematopoietic, Hematologic or bone marrow syndrome

• Gastrointestinal syndrome or GI syndrome

• Cerebrovascular syndrome, Central nervous system or CNS syndrome

The stages of ARS:

• prodromal

• latent

• manifest illness

• recovery or death

The only syndrome that someone MAY recover from is :

Hematopoietic

Hematopoietic occurs when there is:

1-10 Gy

Hematopoietic recovery occurs when there is:

1-2 Gy

Life expectancy/recovery for someone with bone marrow syndrome is:

6-8 weeks ; recovery until 6 months

The gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome has a threshold dose of approximately:

6 Gy

The gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome doesn’t appear below:

6 Gy

Life expectancy of someone with GI syndrome is:

3-10 days

CNS syndrome does not appear at doses below:

50 Gy

Someone with CNS syndrome has a life expectancy of:

a few hours to 2 or 3 days post-irradiation

Lethal Dose (LD) 50/30 means:

lethal to 50% of the exposed population within 30 days

Lethal Dose (LD) 50/60 means:

whole-body dose of radiation that is lethal to 50% of the exposed population within 60 days 

Which is a more accurate measure for human survival LD 50/30 or LD 50/60? 

LD 50/60

Skin is continuously regenerating, making it relatively:

radiosensitive

Desquamation first appears as:

moist skin peeling, then develops into dry skin flaking

Epilation is:

hair loss; moderate doses produce temporary hair loss, and large doses can produce permanent hair loss

What skin disease was treated with radiation that caused hair loss?

Ring worm 

At what dose does sperm ount decrease?

0.1 Gy

Stem cells develop from a single _____:

pluripotential stem cell

Cytogenics is:

the study of the cell genetics with emphasis on chromosomes

Karyotype is:

a photograph of human cell nucleus during metaphase