Health 101 flashcards EXAM 1

What is health?

A dynamic state of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being, not just the absence of disease.

What is health status?

The overall condition of a person’s body or mind and presence/absence of illness or injury.

What are the 3 levels of prevention?

Primary (prevent disease before it happens), secondary (early detection/treatment), tertiary (reduce impact/manage long-term effects).

What are the top leading causes of death in young adults?

Accidents/unintentional injuries, suicide, homicide.

What are the leading causes of death across all ages?

Heart disease, cancer, unintentional injuries.

What are the 9 dimensions of wellness?

Physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, social, environmental, occupational, cultural, financial.

Modifiable vs. non-modifiable health influences?

Modifiable = diet, exercise, smoking. Non-modifiable = age, genetics, family history.

What are the 6 stages of the Transtheoretical Model of Change?

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination.

What are S.M.A.R.T goals?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.

Define addiction.

A chronic disease that disrupts brain function and behavior, characterized by compulsive drug seeking despite harmful consequences.

What are some risk factors for addiction?

Genetics, environment, mental health issues, peer pressure, early use.

Physiological vs. psychological dependency?

Physiological = body needs the drug (tolerance, withdrawal). Psychological = emotional or mental reliance on the drug.

What is dopamine’s role in drug use?

Drugs trigger dopamine release, reinforcing reward and pleasure pathways in the brain.

What are process addictions?

Compulsive behaviors like gambling, gaming, shopping, sex, food.

Drug misuse vs. drug abuse?

Misuse = using a drug incorrectly (wrong dose, wrong person). Abuse = intentional use in harmful ways.

Main cannabinoids in cannabis?

THC (psychoactive), CBD (non-psychoactive, therapeutic).

Types of drugs and examples?

Stimulants (cocaine, caffeine), depressants (alcohol, benzodiazepines), opioids (heroin, oxycodone), hallucinogens (LSD, psilocybin).

Define drinking culture.

The set of social norms, values, and behaviors surrounding alcohol use.

What are the 3 standard drink sizes?

Beer (12 oz, 5% alcohol), wine (5 oz, 12% alcohol), liquor (1.5 oz, 40% alcohol).

What happens in the body after drinking alcohol?

Absorbed into bloodstream → metabolized in liver → depresses CNS.

Protective strategies for drinking?

Pacing drinks, alternating with water, eating food, setting limits, avoiding mixing with drugs.

Warning signs of alcohol poisoning?

Vomiting, confusion, slow/irregular breathing, seizures, unconsciousness.

Factors affecting B.A.C?

Weight, sex, metabolism, amount/timing of drinks, food intake.

Short-term vs. long-term alcohol effects?

Short-term = impaired judgment, hangovers. Long-term = liver disease, cancer, brain damage.

What are E.N.D.S?

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (e-cigarettes, vapes).

Short-term vs. long-term tobacco effects?

Short = bad breath, coughing, decreased lung function. Long = cancer, cardiovascular disease, COPD.

Define social capital.

The value of social networks, relationships, and trust that improve quality of life.

Characteristics of intimate relationships?

Mutual respect, trust, honesty, communication, emotional closeness.

Types of relationships?

With self (self-concept), friendships, family, romantic/partnerships.

What are Sternberg’s 3 components of love?

Intimacy, passion, commitment.

Communication skills for healthy relationships?

Active listening, assertiveness, empathy, clarity.

Types of listening?

Active, passive, competitive.

Healthy vs. unhealthy relationship behaviors?

Healthy = respect, support, independence. Unhealthy = control, manipulation, abuse.

Other types of relationships?

Monogamy, cohabitation, open relationships.

What is a primary prevention strategy?

Vaccination

What cannabinoid is primarily responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis?

THC

What is NOT a short-term effect of alcohol?

Liver cirrhosis

In Sternberg’s Triangular Theory, which two combined create “romantic love”?

Intimacy + Passion

T/F: Drug misuse and drug abuse mean the same thing.

False

T/F: Non-modifiable health factors include age and genetics.

True

B.A.C is affected by whether someone drinks on a full stomach.

True

Explain the difference between physiological and psychological drug dependency.

• Physiological dependency occurs when the body adapts to a drug, leading to tolerance and withdrawal symptoms if use stops.

• Psychological dependency is the emotional or mental reliance on a drug, where the person feels they need it to cope with stress, emotions, or daily life.

List three protective strategies for drinking responsibly.

• Alternate alcoholic drinks with water or non-alcoholic beverages.

• Eat food before and during drinking to slow alcohol absorption.

• Set a personal drink limit and stick to it (pace yourself, avoid drinking games).

Describe two unhealthy relationship behaviors.

• Control/manipulation – one partner tries to dominate or limit the other’s independence.

• Verbal, emotional, or physical abuse – behaviors that harm a partner’s safety, self-esteem, or well-being.

What are the 9 dimensions of wellness?

• Physical

• Emotional

• Intellectual

• Spiritual

• Social

• Environmental

• Occupational

• Cultural

• Financial