bankside gcse history

Why was Bankside established by the Romans?

To protect and control entry to the new Roman settlement Londinium in 43 AD.

What was the primary function of Bankside during the Roman invasion?

It served as a military supply base for the Roman invaders.

How did the geography of Bankside aid Roman defenses?

The river was narrower and shallower, making it difficult for large ships to invade.

What advantage did the shallow waters of Bankside provide?

Easier construction of bridges for transport and control of sea approaches.

What major infrastructure was connected to Bankside?

The Roman London Bridge.

What role did Bankside play in military logistics?

It was a post for the distribution of men, goods, and official communication.

What evidence suggests Bankside was used for military purposes?

Physical evidence of military equipment found in the area.

What geographical challenges did Southwark present for military use?

It had marshy land and smaller rivers, limiting space for a military base.

How did the role of Bankside change over time?

It transitioned from a military base to a residential and commercial area.

What evidence indicates that Bankside became a residential area?

Findings of buildings under Southwark Cathedral and the presence of families of soldiers.

What was the population of Londinium around 100 AD?

Over 60,000 people.

What cultural significance did Bankside have in the Early Modern period?

It was known for its theatres and religious sites.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect Bankside?

It led to changes in the purposes of many buildings to fit industrial demands.

What was built around 200 AD around Londinium and Southwark?

Defensive walls.

What role did trade play in the development of Bankside?

It became a major transport link for traders traveling to Londinium.

What archaeological evidence suggests Bankside's commercial use?

Roman amphora found near the site of London Bridge.

What was the significance of the bridgehead located in Bankside?

It was crucial for defense during conflicts.

How did the purpose of Bankside evolve as Londinium grew?

It shifted from a military base to a hub for trade and residential living.

What was a major transport link established to connect Londinium and Bankside?

The Roman London Bridge.

What social changes occurred in Bankside as it became a suburb of Londinium?

It welcomed a more commercial and residential role, becoming a cultural site.

What types of activities characterized Bankside in the Early Modern period?

Theatres, religious sites, and cultural gatherings.

What does the presence of a bathhouse in Bankside indicate?

It suggests that Bankside was likely a social and residential area.

What was the impact of the shallow rivers on trade in Bankside?

Smaller boats could easily navigate for trade, facilitating transport.

What was the initial military purpose of Bankside?

To serve as a defense point for Londinium against invasions.

What evidence supports the idea that Bankside became a significant suburb?

The growth in population and the establishment of residential areas.

How did the Roman invaders utilize Bankside's geographical features?

They built a major bridge and controlled military movements through the area.

What was Bankside known for during the Early Modern period?

It was known for its pubs, inns, brothels, and shops, making it a vibrant trading hub.

What significant change occurred in Bankside in 1634?

The death of the last Bishop of Winchester, leading to the repurposing of Winchester Palace into a mustard factory.

What happened to the open spaces on the riverside area of Bankside?

All open spaces were infilled during the industrial period.

What was St. George's Fields used for before the 1850s?

It was left untouched until it was developed into houses, roads, and factories.

What major industrial site opened in Bankside in 1891?

Bankside Power Station.

What type of manufacturing industry began to develop in Bankside?

More breweries and distilleries, such as the Anchor Brewery.

How did the population of Bankside change during the industrial period?

There was an increase in population as people relocated for work.

What was the state of entertainment in Bankside during the industrial period?

There was significantly less entertainment compared to earlier periods.

What remained unchanged in Bankside despite industrialization?

It continued to be a religious site with many churches built, and it retained its inns and markets.

What was the nickname given to Bankside due to its social issues?

It was referred to as the 'outlaw borough' due to its poor conditions and health issues.

How did the use of Bankside change from Roman times to the Medieval period?

It transitioned from a military base to a site of pilgrimage and vacation homes for the wealthy.

What entertainment venues were prominent in Bankside during the Early Modern period?

The Globe Theatre and various bear-baiting arenas.

What major infrastructure developments occurred in Bankside during the Industrial period?

The construction of wharfs, docks, and warehouses, along with new railways and bridges.

What was the significance of the new Globe Theatre in modern Bankside?

It revived the area as an entertainment hub for tourism.

What historical features of Bankside have been preserved into modern times?

Its religious roots, residential areas, and status as a trading hub.

What type of activities characterized Medieval Bankside?

A mix of religious activities, residential life, and self-governance under a manorial system.

What was the impact of the Norman conquest on Bankside's architecture?

It caused changes in architecture, leading to the replacement of Roman buildings.

How did the role of Bankside evolve from the Medieval to the Early Modern period?

It became known as an 'early modern playground' focused on entertainment.

What was the condition of buildings in Bankside during the Industrial period?

Many buildings were in poor condition despite infrastructure improvements.

What was the role of Bankside in London's trade during the Industrial period?

It became a major industrial hub, important for trade and production.

What was the significance of the Clink Prison in Bankside's history?

It housed outlaws, contributing to Bankside's reputation as the 'outlaw borough.'

How did the transition from industrial to modern Bankside affect its character?

It transformed from a working area to a tourist destination with high-end accommodations.

What evidence suggests that Bankside was a self-governing area in the Medieval period?

It comprised three manors that managed the local population.

What was the impact of Charles Booth's research on Bankside?

It highlighted that Bankside was one of the poorest areas in London by the 1800s.

What major changes occurred in Bankside's religious landscape over time?

Mary's Overie was changed to St. Saviours, and many churches were built.

What was the significance of the Blackfriars Bridge in Bankside's development?

It improved connections and accessibility to the area during the industrial period.

What were the main manors in Bankside during the medieval period?

The Clink Manor, Paris Gardens, and Guildable Manor.

Who ran Clink Manor and when?

The Bishop of Winchester from 1150.

What was the 'liberty of the clink' known for?

It was where licensed prostitutes, known as Winchester geese, worked.

Why was Bankside an ideal place for wealthy men to live?

It was close to Westminster.

Who owned Paris Gardens and what was its significance?

Initially owned by the Knight Templars, it was a significant religious site.

What was Guildable Manor's ownership?

It was owned by the crown and overseen by their officials.

What types of people lived in Bankside during the medieval period?

Wealthy individuals, craftsmen, criminals, prisoners, prostitutes, paupers, and vagrants.

What was a major activity in Bankside related to entertainment?

Bull and bear baiting rings were sites for gambling.

What significant change occurred in Bankside during the Early Modern period?

It became more diverse with an increase in entertainment and visitors.

What role did Clink prison play during the Early Modern period?

It held many religious dissenters during religious turmoil.

What was the significance of St Mary's Overie in Bankside?

It was a site for pilgrimage, completed in 1209.

What major event in 1666 affected Bankside?

The Great Fire of London pushed many businesses and people into Bankside.

What types of entertainment became more common in Bankside during the 17th century?

Gambling, drinking, and prostitution.

What architectural changes occurred in Bankside after the Norman conquest?

Roman roads were still used, and buildings were converted to suit new settlers' lifestyles.

How did the Great Fire of Southwark in 1676 impact Bankside?

It created a blank slate for industrialization and pushed businesses and people out.

What was the impact of the Puritans on Bankside's entertainment?

They closed down theatres and many forms of entertainment during the Civil War.

What was the reason for the decline of religious importance in Bankside?

The death of Lancelot Andrews, the last bishop of Winchester, and the closure of Winchester Palace.

What cultural shift occurred in Bankside during the Early Modern period?

It became a center for entertainment and cultural arts, encouraged by Queen Elizabeth.

What was the significance of the theatres in Bankside like The Globe?

They attracted visitors and contributed to the area's cultural renaissance.

What led to the urbanization of Bankside during the industrial period?

The growth of the British Empire and the demand for labor in cities.

What was the relationship between Bankside and the wider world during the industrial period?

Bankside became a trading hub due to increased trade connections.

What were the effects of the industrial revolution on Bankside?

Increased manufacturing and a higher demand for jobs led to urbanization.

What was the role of ferrymen in Bankside?

They provided faster crossing services than the bridge, especially when there was only one bridge.

What was the significance of the Clink prison's name?

It was known as the 'outlaw borough' due to housing outlaws.

How did the cultural significance of Bankside change from the medieval to the industrial period?

It shifted from a center of pilgrimage and entertainment to a hub of industrial activity.

What marked the shift from Industrial Bankside to Modern Bankside?

Drastic changes that transformed Bankside into a tourist attraction.

What led to the peak activity in Bankside during the Industrial period?

Urbanization and job opportunities allowed the area to thrive and develop rapidly.

Which infrastructure developments opened up Bankside to London?

Bridges like Blackfriars and Westminster, and railways.

What industries were prominent in Industrial Bankside?

Glass-making, breweries, and factories.

What was the population of Bankside at its peak in 1901?

59,400 people.

What significant event occurred in 1915 related to housing in Bankside?

Rent strikes succeeded in getting rent control put through Parliament.

What was the mortality rate in Bankside from 1907 to 1934?

Decreased to 13/1000 a year.

What major cultural institution opened in Bankside in 2000?

The Tate Modern.

What impact did World War II have on Bankside?

Large areas were damaged by bombings, leading to a significant decline in population.

What was the population of Bankside by 1991?

Only 6,500 people remained.

What role did tourism play in the revival of Bankside?

Tourism brought millions of visitors and helped redevelop the area.

What features indicate the diverse groups of people who lived in Bankside?

The Rose window, great hall remnants, and Crossbones graveyard.

What does the Clink prison replica tell us about Bankside's history?

It housed prostitutes, religious dissenters, and criminals, indicating a diverse and often outlaw population.

What was the significance of the Anchor pub in Bankside?

It served as a lodging place for travelers and merchants, linking to historical events like the Great Fire of London.

What does the London Bridge signify in Bankside's history?

It was the main form of transport across the river and facilitated trade.

What entertainment features were prominent in Bankside?

The Globe Theatre and bear gardens, indicating a hub for entertainment.

What does Love Lane and Maiden Lane reveal about Bankside?

They indicate the presence of licensed brothels, showing the area's trade in prostitution.

How did the Great Depression affect Bankside?

Unemployment rose to approximately 20%, compared to 13-15% nationally.

What was the impact of the Tate Modern on Bankside?

It brought 3,000 jobs and 4 million annual visitors, aiding in the area's redevelopment.

What was the significance of the gas works and power station in Bankside?

They were crucial for industrial development, opening in 1814 and 1891 respectively.

What was the effect of WWII bombings on Bankside's population?

The population fell drastically due to deaths and evacuations.

What does the term 'outlaw borough' refer to in the context of Bankside?

It indicates the area's reputation for housing a variety of marginalized groups and criminal activities.

What was the significance of the 1981 closure of Bankside power station?

It marked the end of an era for industrial Bankside and led to its eventual redevelopment.