Unit 5 Weekly Quizzes

A decrease in blood pH is expected to __________ respiration and an increase in blood pH  is expected to ________ respiration

-decrease : decrease

-increase : increase

-decrease : increase

-increase : decrease

-plasma pH has no effect on the respiratory system

increase : decrease

Buffers for H+ ions are important in the plasma because majority of metabolic wastes produced in the body are acids.

-True

-False

True

prevents a decrease in pH by binding H+ in the erythrocyte

hemoglobin

strongly correlated with the processing of carbon dioxide

bicarbonate

bind to H+ or OH- inside cells and in the plasma

proteins

bind to H+ or OH- in the plasma

phosphates

Which of the following ranges of blood pH is used to determine when a person has acidosis or alkalosis?    

-7.35 - 7.45

-7.0 - 7.8

-7.38 - 7.42

-blood must be kept at a pH of 7.4

7.35-7.45

The __________ compensate(s) for pH imbalances by modifying the amount of carbon dioxide in the plasma.

-renal system

-respiratory system

-respiratory system and renal system

Respiratory System

excessive diarrhea

metabolic acidosis

Hyperventilation

Respiratory Alkalosis

Excessive Vomiting

Metabolic Alkalosis

Hypoventilation

Respiratory Acidosis

The innate immune response would include all of the following except the _________.

-macrophages

-phagocytosis

-use of enzymes such as those found in tears and saliva

-production of antibodies

Production of Antibodies

Your skin is considered to have an immune function.

-True

-False

True

process of attracting other cells to an area of the body

chemotaxis

chemical that triggers the production of antiviral proteins

Interferon

chemical that creates a hole in a pathogenic cell

Perforin

innate immune activation of proteins used in the complement system

Alternate Pathway

Which of the following antigen types is present in secretions of the mucus membranes?

-IgA

-IgM

-IgD

-IgG

IgA

A primary immune response produces a larger number of antibodies than a secondary immune response. 

-True

-False

False

respond to the same antigen in a later exposure

B lymphocyte memory cells

secrete cytokines that activate other lymphocytes

Helper T Cells

Produce Antibodies

B lymphocyte plasma cells

have actions similar to NK cells

Cytotoxic T Cells

At puberty, the production of testosterone in the testes and estrogen in the ovaries is directly stimulated by __________.  

-an increase in LH & FSH secretion

-an increase in GnRH secretion

-a decrease in GnRH secretion

-a decrease in LH & FSH secretion

an increase in LH & FSH secretion

In a fetus, the development of testes and spermatogonia require the presence of a functional SRY gene.

-True

-False

True

Production of androgens by the adrenal cortex can influence the development of external sex organs.

-True

-False

True

Which of the following statements is correct?

-The female uterus is the site of egg production. 

-The condition benign prostatic hyperplasia is also known as prostate cancer.

-The male epididymis is the site of sperm production. 

-Seminal fluid functions to provide nutrients, protect, and facilitate motility of sperm.

Seminal fluid functions to provide nutrients, protect, and facilitate motility of sperm.

Which of the following is not a function of antibodies?

-inactivate toxins

-cause agglutination of of antigen bearing cells or molecules

-produce more antibodies

-serve as an opsonin for phagocytosis

produce more antibodies

In the process of inflammation, which of the following chemicals and actions is correctly matched?

-leukotrienes : pain

-prostaglandins : diapedesis

-histamine : increased blood flow to an area

-C-reactive protein : increased capillary permeability

histamine : increased blood flow to an area

Which of the following statements is correct?

-Hypersensitivity is the result of an unnecessary immune response or an excessive immune response.

-You would not expect any blood incompatibility between a mother with Rh- blood and a fetus with Rh+ blood.

-MHC-II (major histocompatibility complex) are found on all nucleated cells and are used to present antigens.

-A vaccination is a form of passive immunity

Hypersensitivity is the result of an unnecessary immune response or an excessive immune response.

Match the correct antibody to the antibody function. Answers are only used once.

-the antibody that binds to the surface of basophils and mast cells

-the antibody that is found in secretions including milk

-the majority of antibodies secreted for a secondary antibody response

-first antibody secreted in a primary antibody response

-the antibody is not secreted but acts as the antigen receptor on B lymphocytes

IgE

IgA

IgG

IgM

IgD

Match the type of defense to the examples given. Answers are only used once.

-mucous membrane

-acidity of the stomach

-facilitates phagocytosis

-movement of leukocytes from inside the blood vessels to surrounding tissues

barrier

anti-microbial secretion

opsonin

diapedesis

Which of the follow events would you expect to lower the pH of the plasma?

-prolonged hyperventilation

-ingestion of an excessive amount of acid buffers

-severe and prolonged vomiting

-consequences of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and production of ketones

consequences of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and production of ketones

Identify the condition and compensation for a person with the following blood values:

pH: 7.49

P_CO2: 49

[HCO₃^-]: 32

-metabolic alkalosis : partial respiratory compensation

-respiratory acidosis : partial renal (metabolic) compensation

-respiratory alkalosis : partial renal (metabolic) compensation

-metabolic acidosis : partial respiratory compensation

metabolic alkalosis : partial respiratory compensation

Which of the following is out of its normal range for determining acidosis or alkalosis?

pH = 7.36

-concentration of bicarbonate = 32 mEq/L

-partial pressure of carbon dioxide = 44 mm Hg

-All of these are within their expected ranges.

concentration of bicarbonate = 32 mEq/L

Match the correct cause with the condition. Answers are only used once.

-alkalosis/alkalemia

-acidosis/acidemia

increase in concentration of bicarbonate (HCO3-) or decrease in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2)

decrease in concentration of bicarbonate (HCO3-) or increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2)

-increased activity of type A intercalated cells of the collecting duct

-proximal tubule processing of CO2 from the plasma with the Na+/H+ antiport protein on the interstitial (basolateral) side of the proximal tubule cell

-proximal tubule processing of CO2 from the plasma with the Na+/H+ antiport protein on the lumen (apical) side of the proximal tubule cell

-increased activity of type B intercalated cells of the collecting duct

-increased metabolism of glutamine

increased H+ in the urine & increased HCO3- in the plasma

increased HCO3- in the urine & increased H+ in the plasma

increased H+ in the urine & increased HCO3- in the plasma

increased HCO3- in the urine & increased H+ in the plasma

production and secretion of ammonia into the urine to act as an acid buffer

When comparing the ovarian cycle with the uterine cycle, which of the following statements is correct? 

-the corpus luteum is active during the luteal phase 

-the secretory phase occurs during the follicular phase

-the proliferative phase occurs after ovulation 

-menses occurs during the luteal phase

the corpus luteum is active during the luteal phase 

In the process of oogenesis __________. Select all the correct answers.

-the production of oocytes begins before birth

-only one functional ovum will be produced from the primary oocyte

-the completion of ovum development occurs after fertilization of the oocyte

All of these

Match the hormone with its primary function. Answers are only used once.

-stimulates the production of estradiol

-stimulates the development of the follicles

-promotes development of the endometrium of the uterus

-stimulates the anterior pituitary

LH

FSH

estradiol & progesterone

GnRH

Which of the following embryonic membranes develops into the fetal component of the placenta?

-allantois

-amnion

-chorion

-yolk sac

chorion

In the fetal circulatory system, the __________ redirects a portion of blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the aorta.

-ductus arteriosus

-pulmonary shunt

-foramen ovale

-ductus venosus

ductus arteriosus

Match the correct structure with the description. Answers are only used once.

-hollow ball of embryonic cells that embeds in the uterine wall

-produces an embryo comprised of three layers: endoderm, mesoderm, & ectoderm

-enzyme sac necessary for sperm penetration of an oocyte

-granulosa cells that surround the released secondary oocyte

blastocyst

gastrulation

acrosome

corona radiata

The blood vessel that brings oxygenated blood to the fetus is the __________.

-umbilical artery

-pulmonary artery

-pulmonary vein

-umbilical vein

umbilical vein

Which of the following does not increase during pregnancy?

-blood volume

-frequency of urination

-rate of peristalsis - movement of food - through the gastrointestinal tract 

-total pulmonary or minute ventilation

rate of peristalsis - movement of food - through the gastrointestinal tract

Match the correct hormone with its function during pregnancy, parturition, or lactation. Answers are only used once.

-inhibits contraction of the uterus

-stimulates the production of milk

-stimulates contraction of the uterus

-increases the elasticity of the pubic symphysis

progesterone

prolactin

oxytocin

relaxin

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the onset of puberty?

-GnRH secretions switches from continuous secretion to pulsatile secretion.

-Gonad development begins.

-Hypothalamus sensitivity to the sex hormones decreases. 

-Gonad production of gametes begins in both males and females.

Hypothalamus sensitivity to the sex hormones decreases.

In which stage of labor is the fetus expelled from the uterus?

-Stage 1

-Stage 4

-Stage 2

-Stage 3 

Stage 2

Match the correct hormone with it function or functions. Answers are only used once. 

-provides negative feedback to the anterior pituitary to decrease release of FSH & LH

-stimulates the development of the mammary glands and milk production

-stimulates appropriate cells of gonads to produce the sex hormones in both males and females

-stimulates the production of gametes in both males and females

-produced by the chorion and should only be present in a pregnant female

Inhibin

Prolactin

LH: luteinizing hormone

FSH: follicle stimulating hormone

hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin

Which of the following statements regarding the process of embryo development is correct? 

-After fertilization but prior to implantation in the uterus, the pro-embryo triples in size.  

-The blastocyst has the three layers of germ cells: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. 

- extra-embryonic membrane that forms the fetal portion of the placenta.

-Fertilization occurs in the ovary.

The chorion is the extra-embryonic membrane that forms the fetal portion of the placenta.

Match the correct phase or stage of the menstrual cycle with the description. Answers may be used more than once.

-occurs as a result of low levels of estrogen and progesterone

-occurs as a result of a surge in release of LH

-development of a Graafian follicle

-completion of the first meiotic division

-development of blood vessels and glands in the endometrium

Menses

Ovulation

follicular phase

follicular phase

Secretory Phase

Match the correct type of digestion with the activity or process in the digestive system. Answers may be used more than once. 

-segmentation in the small intestine

-mastication in the oral cavity

-mixing waves of the stomach

-use of enzymes in the oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine

Mechanical Digestation

Mechanical Digestation

Mechanical Digestation

chemical digestion

Which of the following phases used to regulate digestive system activity can be initiated before food enters the digestive system? 

-Gastric phase

-Intestinal phase

-Cephalic phase

-The digestive system cannot be activated before food enters the digestive system.

Cephalic phase

The enteric nervous system __________ of the GI tract.

-is a part of the autonomic nervous system and regulation 

-uses the myenteric plexus to regulate muscle activity

-is an example of extrinsic control 

-All of these are correct.

uses the myenteric plexus to regulate muscle activity

Match the correct digestive system accessory organ with the functions listed.  Answers may be used more than once.

-production of the majority of bicarbonate secreted into the small intestine

-production of digestive enzymes

-production of bile

-bile storage

Pancreas

Pancreas

Liver

Gallbladder

Which of the following statements regarding the small intestine is not correct?

-Digestive enzymes are produced by cells of the small intestine.

-The mucosal layer of the small intestine contains lymphatic tissue with immune functions.

-Bile and pancreatic secretions are added to the chyme in the jejunum.

-Fats are absorbed into the lacteals of the lymphatic system.

Bile and pancreatic secretions are added to the chyme in the jejunum.

Which of the following is not a function of the large intestine?

-secretion of enzymes 

-absorption of vitamins

-absorption of water

-temporary storage of digestive wastes

secretion of enzymes 

Match the type of biomolecule with the enzyme that digests it.  Answers may be used more than once.

-sucrase

-lipase

-pepsin

-amylase

Carbohydrates

Triglycerides

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Water follows its concentration gradient and diffuses from the intestinal lumen to epithelial cells, the interstitium, and blood.

-True

-False

True

Place the following step/stages of lipid digestion and absorption in the correct order from start to finish.

start of lipid processing

-exocytosis of chylomicrons

-formation of micelles

-diffusion of fatty acids into cells

-processing in the Golgi apparatus

-emulsification

transport in the lymph

start of lipid processing

emulsification

formation of micelles

diffusion of fatty acids into cells

processing in the Golgi apparatus

exocytosis of chylomicrons

transport in the lymph

Which of the following types of movement is used between meals to be sure remaining material is moving towards the colon and not remaining in any section from stomach through intestines?

-migrating myoelectric complex

-segmentation

-peristalsis

-mass movement

migrating myoelectric complex

Most enzymatic hydrolysis of food occurs in the __________.

-ileum

-stomach

-duodenum

-colon

duodenum

Which of the following would promote secretion of HCl in the stomach?

-histamine

-somatostatin

-gastrin

-detection of proteins in the stomach

Histamine

Gastrin

Detection of Proteins in the Stomach

Which of the following phases of digestive system regulation can occur without any food present in the digestive system tract?

-intestinal

-cephalic

-gastric

-All of the phases can occur without food in the digestive system tract.

cephalic

Match the correct chemical with the type of cell that secretes it. Answers are only used once.

-duodenal endocrine cells

-hepatocytes

-parietal cells of the stomach

-G cells of the stomach

-pancreatic acini & ductal cells

Bile

Gastrin

Bicarbonate and Enzymes

Intrinsic Factor HCI

CCK and Secretion