finalexamposc100

How many electoral votes are currently needed to elect the president and vice president?

270

The effort to motivate supportive voter groups to turn out in higher numbers is called

Mobilization

What is redistribution?

the drawing of boundaries for legislative districts, which usually takes place after the federal census.

A majority-minority district is based on

an electoral district where a majority of the constituents belong to racial or ethnic minority groups,

How might nonpartisan elections foster voter deliberation?

They force voters to weigh the candidates' merits rather than their party labels.

Let's play jeopardy!

Children born in the United States or Territories/Possessions are American citizens

What is law of the soil?

a widely shared set of beliefs and traditions concerning political activity and community service.

What is civic culture?

The right of expatriation gives people the right to....

renounce citizenship.

True or False? Congress retains ultimate authority over Indian tribes

True

An emotional and a rational attachment to the nation, a public spirit strong enough to inspire sacrifice.

What is patriotism?

In the context of American citizenship, the chapter highlights "naturalization." What does naturalization refer to?

The process through which immigrants become U.S. citizens

Principle in which citizenship is determined by parentage rather than by place of birth.

What is law of the blood?

Which of the following is a key characteristic of American civic culture, as discussed in the chapter?

A commitment to individual rights and responsibility

Majority-minority districts are those in which

a racial minority represents a majority of voters

The fugitive slave law enacted as a part of the Compromise of 1850 was ....

more favorable to slave owners than to the accused fugitive slave

The ________clause of the Constitution raises the question of whether or not states have to recognize same-sex marriages from other states.

full faith and credit

What is the incorporation doctrine?

the doctrine that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment extends most specific rights in the Bill of Rights to states and localities

Let's play jeopardy!

The procedural protections that government must follow before depriving anyone of life, liberty, or property

What is due process of law?

A man is accused of owning an illegal weapon that was discovered by the police during a search of the defendant's home without a warrant or probable cause. The case is most likely dismissed due to lack of evidence because

the exclusionary rule prohibits the prosecution from presenting the weapon as evidence since it was unlawfully seized.

Asians and Hispanics make up a smaller portion of the electorate than of the general population because they are....

more likely to be noncitizens and therefore ineligible to vote.

In its recent Second Amendment rulings, the Supreme Court held that

the amendment protects an individual right to own firearms that applies to the federal government and the states.

In what way did the effects on civil liberties differ in the Civil War and World War I?

Federal courts were more active and effective in litigating civil liberties cases during World War I than during the Civil War.

By 1804, which states had abolished slavery or passed laws providing for gradual emancipation?

all the northern states

How do civil liberties differ from civil rights?

Civil liberties are personal freedoms, while civil rights concern freedom from discrimination.

The Smith Act banned

teaching or advocating the duty to overthrow any government in the United States by force or violence.

How does the rational-basis test differ from strict scrutiny?

The rational-basis test requires only some reasonable grounds for distinctions in laws, while strict scrutiny requires a compelling government interest.

How does an economic migrant differ from a refugee?

A refugee must be fleeing persecution, while an economic migrant is seeking a more prosperous life.

Which one of the following anti-terrorism policies of the George W. Bush administration did the Barack Obama administration NOT endorse or continue?

the use of interrogation techniques such as waterboarding, stress positions, and sleep deprivation

The 1857 Lecompton Constitution was a fraudulent document submitted by slavery advocates in which territory

Kansas

What does the belief-conduct distinction state?

Religious people may believe what they wish, but they must still adhere to state or federal laws that regulate personal behavior.

Let's play Jeopardy!

A test with the three rules of thumb regarding challenges to the Establishment Clause.

What is Lemon Test?

Which of the following groups was not allowed to vote until the 1960s?

Residents of Washington, DC

What is NOT one of the outcomes of the Compromise of 1850?

Authorized a payment of $5 to commissioners when they ruled against the alleged fugitive slave but only $10 when they ruled in his or her favor.

What is NOT The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

This measure effectively upheld the Missouri Compromise of 1820

Which one of the following statements is incorrect about the Reconstruction (1865-????)

Under authority of the Ku Klux Klan Act, President Ulysses S. Grant suspended habeas corpus and imposed martial law in parts of South Carolina in 1871.

One month after taking office, the new president Rutherford B. Hayes ordered the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, essentially ending Reconstruction.

The reconstruction ended in 1877.

The national policy, directed principally by the Republican-dominated Congress, sought to reintegrate the 11 states of the Confederacy back into the Union and to provide for the civil and political rights of the newly freed slaves.

In 1870 and 1871, Congress passed the Enforcement Acts and the Ku Klux Klan Act to make the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments more effective.

What is Plessy v Ferguson case in 1896?

It decided that "separate but equal" law did not violate the 14th amendment.

Which one of the following statements is correct about Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007)?

Affirmative actions contradict the constitutional command "'that the Government must treat citizens as individuals, not as simply components of a racial, religious, sexual or national class.'"

"The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race."

"Classifying people by race in order to achieve racial balance or racial diversity cannot be a legitimate purpose of government. "

Let's play jeopardy!

This constitution amendment abolished poll tax in 1964

What is the 24th amendment?

Polls conducted by news organizations that invite everyone to participate by phone, mail, or Internet are practically worthless because they

do not consist of a random sample.

The tendency to seek out information sources that support one's existing belief system is called

selective exposure.

Which one of the following does NOT adequately describe modern liberalism as a Political Ideology?

It is against government's intervention to citizens' welfare and education

Asians and Hispanics make up a smaller portion of the electorate than of the general population because they are

more likely to be noncitizens and therefore ineligible to vote.

Which political ideology seeks to limit government across the board?

libertarian

Which one of the following is a conventional political participation?

Campaign Contributions

Which of the following groups was not allowed to vote until the 1960s?

residents of Washington, DC

Which one of the following does NOT adequately describe modern conservatism as a Political Ideology?

It argues for a stronger central government to take care of people economic welfare.

Let's play the game Jeopardy!

A person, especially a politician, who strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.

What is a populist?

Which one of the followings is NOT one of California's four direct democracy tools?

Vote of no confidence

Which one of the following statements does NOT describe THE GREAT NATIONAL REFORM MOVEMENT known as Progressivism?

It promotes a limited government of separated powers

Which one of the following statements does NOT describe the difference between Traditional and Bureaucratic Society

The traditional society emphasizes the separation between public and private life whereas the bureaucratic society does not

Which one of the following statements does NOT describe The California constitution?

the more legislative powers of the electorate.

Which one of the following statements is NOT one of the Differences Between The Federal and California Government?

The California government is more limited, derived or delegated

Let's play Jeopardy!

California voters may gather signatures to put proposed laws or constitutional amendments directly on the ballot for voters to approve or reject.

What is an initiative?

What is NOT the main difference between the Californian Superior Courts vs. Courts of Appeal?

Superior Court handle only criminal cases whereas Court of Appeal handles both criminal and civil cases.

Which one of the following statements is NOT a correct description of the Californian legislative branch?

The California Senate has 45 Senators

Which of the following statements is NOT true for the California governor?

The governor can remove the attorney general

This constitutional amendment made privileges or immunities, due process, and equal protection hold good against the states.

What is the 14th amendment?

What is Republic (Representative democracy)?

The representatives are responsible for the people in the country.

The people hold the power.

The representatives are selected to serve the common good.

Which of the following most accurately describes the concept of Deliberation is?

reasoning on the merits of public policy.

Which one of the following describe "Broad Nationalists"?

They argued that the nation's government required strong, centralized powers of finance, commerce, and national defense.

Which of the following most accurately describes how to pass a constitution amendment?

An amendment must be proposed by a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress and then ratified by three-fourths of state legislatures or conventions.

A law that makes an act criminal after it was committed or increases the penalty after the fact is called.

Ex post facto law

Question 3 in the textbook: The only constitutional duty of the vice president is

presiding over the Senate and casting tie-breaking votes.

Which one of the following statements best defines the difference between conservatives and liberals?

The liberals have always been more supportive of changes

The rights to ________ is an example of political right.

vote

Which of the followings are NOT the necessary conditions for democracy?

Efficiency

Which one of the followings does NOT belong to the functions of an institution based on Week 1's lecture?

Efficiency

What is NOT politics?

It is all about qualifications and merits

According to the Founders, which of the following pose the greatest dangers in a direct democracy?

Skillful orators and majority faction

The debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists during the ratification of the Constitution primarily focused on:

The balance of power between the national government and the states

The "Great Compromise" at the Constitutional Convention resulted in:

A bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate

Which of the following best describes the concept of "separation of powers" in the U.S. Constitution?

The division of government responsibilities into three distinct branches to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power

Who first developed both the concept of the state of nature and natural rights?

John Locke

Abraham Lincoln understood the Civil War to be a(n)

conflict over the meaning and application of the Declaration of Independence.

In the view of the American founders, what do the fundamental principles in the Declaration of Independence mean?

The principles do not change over time, are not merely subjective values, and do not vary from one culture to another.

Who wrote the Common Sense Pamphlet in January 1776 that urged the American colonists to break away from British rule and become an independent nation?

Thomas Paine

In the context of the Declaration of Independence, what is prudence?

Practical wisdom

Which one among the following is NOT the six main principles on which the Constitution is based?

direct democracy

Which one of the following best describe the The Missouri Compromise?

This Missouri Compromise banned slavery in territories north of the 36°30′ parallel, except in Missouri.

Maine, formerly a part of Massachusetts, was admitted as a free state.

Missouri was admitted as a slave state.

Southern congressmen insisted that Congress had no constitutional authority to restrict a new state's right to implement slave law as it wanted..

Which one of the following best explains the Three-fifths clause in our constitution?

It counted three-fifths of the enslaved population for purposes of representation and taxation.

Which one of the following best describe "Writ of habeas corpus"?

To protects individuals from arbitrary arrest by authorizing a judge to free someone from confinement if there are not sufficient legal grounds for holding him or her.

Which constitution amendment gave American Women voting right?

19th

An act of the legislature convicting someone of a crime and imposing a punishment without a trial is called a(n)

A bill of attainder

Which one of the following was NOT one of the outcomes of The Missouri Compromise in 1818?

Congress had no constitutional authority to restrict a new state's right to implement slave law

Which one of the following is NOT one of the six main principles on which the Constitution is based?

protection of property

The political principle that people are the source of all governmental power and that government requires the consent of the governed is called:

popular sovereignty

__________________ protects individuals from arbitrary arrest by authorizing a judge to free someone from confinement if there are not sufficient legal grounds for holding him or her.

Writ of habeas corpus

Who in the follow was NOT one of the members of the Broad Nationalists?

Roger Sherman (Connecticut)

Who wrote Spirit of the Laws (1748)

Montesquieu

Which of the following international institutions practices the confederate system?

The European Union

How did the American Constitution in 1789 decide the number of representatives in the House and the Electoral College?

The number of total free men plus 3/5 of the slaves in a state

Question 7 in the textbook: Which of the following is not a provision of the War Powers Resolution of 1973:

Congress must approve the introduction of military forces into hostilities in advance.

Question 5 in the textbook: President Obama's recess appointments in January of 2012 were controversial because

The Senate was technically not in recess but holding regular brief, pro-forma sessions.

Question 10 in the textbook: Scholars tend to agree on presidential greatness when considering

early presidents.

Question 1 in the textbook: The framers helped secure the president's independence from Congress by prohibiting Congress from

altering the president's salary during any one term.

Question 9 in the textbook: How many presidents have been convicted by the Senate and removed from office?

None

Question 2 in the textbook: Theodore Roosevelt changed the traditional understanding of the presidency when he

took pains to cultivate public opinion and drum up public support for his policies.

This the standard of proof used in criminal cases, which requires that the state prove the defendant's guilt beyond a doubt based on reasons related to the evidence and facts in the case.

What is beyond reasonable doubt?

A U.S. federal court uses this criteria to decide whether to take a case; it means "the courts will not decide a case if the dispute has been resolved or rendered irrelevant by subsequent events."

What is "mootness"?

This U.S. Supreme Court's decision ruled that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the United States territories and that enslaved African-Americans and their descendants were not U.S. Citizens.

What is Dred Scott v. Sanford?