Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Interphase
The cell cycle phase where the cell grows (G1), duplicates DNA (S), and prepares for division (G2).
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.
Mitosis
A type of cell division that results in two identical diploid cells.
Meiosis
A type of cell division that produces four non-identical haploid gametes.
Crossing Over
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, increasing genetic diversity.
Independent Assortment
The random distribution of chromosomes to gametes during meiosis.
Spindle Fibres
Protein structures that help separate chromosomes during cell division.
Diploid
A cell with two sets of chromosomes (2n).
Haploid
A cell with one set of chromosomes (n).
Gametes
Sex cells (sperm and egg) that carry half the genetic information.
Lytic Cycle
A viral replication process where the virus destroys the host cell.
Lysogenic Cycle
A viral process where the virus integrates into the host genome and remains dormant before activation.
Sexual Reproduction
The fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) to create genetically unique offspring.
Asexual Reproduction
Offspring are produced without gametes, resulting in genetically identical clones.
Budding
A new organism grows from the body of the parent.
Vegetative Reproduction
New plants grow from roots, stems, or leaves without seeds.
Fragmentation
A parent organism breaks into pieces, each growing into a new individual.
Parthenogenesis
Offspring develop from an unfertilized egg.
Spores
Reproductive cells that grow into new organisms without fertilization.
Sporophyte
The diploid stage in a plant’s life cycle that produces spores.
Gametophyte
The haploid stage in a plant’s life cycle that produces gametes.
Perfect Flower
A flower with both male (stamens) and female (carpels) reproductive structures.
Imperfect Flower
A flower missing either male or female reproductive structures.
Endosperm
A nutrient-rich tissue in seeds that nourishes the developing embryo.
Bacterial STI
Sexually transmitted infections caused by bacteria (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea).
Viral STI
Sexually transmitted infections caused by viruses (e.g., HIV, herpes).
FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
A hormone that stimulates egg and sperm production.
GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)
A hormone that regulates the release of FSH and LH.
LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
A hormone that triggers ovulation and testosterone production.
Inhibin
A hormone that regulates FSH production.
Testosterone
The primary male sex hormone responsible for male characteristics and sperm production.
Estrogen
A hormone that regulates female reproductive functions and secondary sexual traits.
Progesterone
A hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
Ovarian Cycle
The monthly cycle of egg maturation and release in females.
Uterine Cycle
The monthly preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, including menstruation.
Teratogen
Any substance that causes birth defects.
Prenatal Screening
Tests performed during pregnancy to assess the health and development of the fetus.
Monohybrid Cross
A genetic cross examining the inheritance of one trait.
Dominant
A trait that is expressed if at least one allele is present.
Recessive
A trait that is only expressed if two recessive alleles are present.
Law of Segregation
Each parent passes one allele for each trait to offspring.
Law of Independent Assortment
Genes for different traits are inherited separately.
Dihybrid Cross
A genetic cross examining the inheritance of two traits.
Codominance
Both alleles in a gene pair are fully expressed.
Incomplete Dominance
A blend of two traits appears in the phenotype.
Test Cross
A cross with a homozygous recessive individual to determine an unknown genotype.
The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Genes are carried on chromosomes and passed to offspring.
Sex-Linked Traits
Traits controlled by genes on sex chromosomes (e.g., color blindness).
Multiple Alleles
More than two possible alleles exist for a gene (e.g., blood type).
Polygenic Inheritance
A trait controlled by multiple genes (e.g., skin color).
Continuous Traits
Traits that show a range of variations due to polygenic inheritance.
