AP European History Study Guide

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the AP European History curriculum, focusing on the Renaissance to the post-war era.

Renaissance

A cultural movement that marked a revival of interest in classical learning and values, originating in Italy in the 14th century.

Humanism

An intellectual movement during the Renaissance that focused on the study of classical texts, emphasizing human potential and achievements.

Civic Humanism

A form of humanism that encouraged active participation in civic affairs and public service.

Patronage

Support provided by wealthy patrons to artists and intellectuals, particularly during the Renaissance.

Petrarch

A 14th-century Italian poet known as the 'Father of Humanism' for championing the study of classical texts.

Linear Perspective

An artistic technique used in Renaissance art to create the illusion of depth on a flat surface.

Christian Humanism

A branch of humanism that incorporated religious themes, promoting social reform based on Christian principles.

The Praise of Folly

A satirical work by Erasmus that criticized the practices of the Catholic Church.

Edict of Nantes

A 1598 decree by Henry IV of France granting religious freedom to Protestants.

Machiavellianism

Political philosophy attributed to Niccolò Machiavelli, advocating for pragmatic and sometimes ruthless political action.

Baroque Art

An artistic style characterized by dramatic expression, grandeur, and intricate details, often associated with the Catholic Church.

Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, aiming to reform and reaffirm Catholic doctrine.

Realism

An art movement that sought to depict everyday life and society without romanticism or stylization.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization from the late 18th to mid-19th century, characterized by the transition to powered machinery.

Mercantilism

An economic policy aimed at increasing national wealth through trade regulation and accumulation of precious metals.

Social Contract

A political theory suggesting that governments should derive their authority from the consent of the governed.

Existentialism

A philosophical movement emphasizing individual existence, freedom, and choice.

Totalitarianism

A political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life.

The Enlightenment

An intellectual and philosophical movement in Europe during the 18th century emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.