gt amstud ch 27-28 vocab

dulles diplomacy

1. John Foster Dulles

   1. Secretary of State

2. Massive Retaliation

   1. Aggressive response to communism

   2. More nuclear weapons over regular warfare

3. Coalitions to contain communism

   1. South East Asia treaty Organization (SEATO)

4. Deterrence

   1. Making countries fear the US and its allies

   2. brinkmanship

bay of pigs

Fearful of the growing communist presence in Cuba, the CIA backed a mission to use Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro. JFK wanted to conceal US involvement, so the exiles weren't not provided extra military aid, and the operation failed.

cuban missile crisis

After the USSR secretly deployed nuclear missiles to Cuba, the US and USSR would engage in a 13-day standoff that is considered to be the closest the world got to nuclear warfare. The standoff would end after the USSR agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba, the US pledged to never invade Cuba, and the US would remove its missiles from Turkey.

levittown

1. William Levitt

2. Method of mass producing inexpensive homes

3. Dealt with housing shortage following WWII

4. contributed to suburbanization

redlining

1. denying/restricting services

   1. Mostly financial

      1. Mortgages, insurance, etc.

2. Based on race

3. Fuels economic inequality and segregation

emmett till

1. 14 year old African American

2. Murdered in Mississippi, 1955

   1. For whistling at white women

      1. Women lied btw

   2. Illegal execution by mob

rosa parks

1. Face of Montgomery Bus Boycott

2. Arrested after refusing to give her seat up to white man

3. 1955

4. Segregation laws regarding transportation eventually deemed unconstitutional

montgomery bus boycott

1. Sparked by Rosa Parks

2. 1955

3. Blacks boycotted buses to pressure the discriminatory practices

4. Ended after almost a year when Supreme Court made its decision

5. MLK emerged as a result

MLK Jr

1. Former minister

2. Founded Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

3. Known for his nonviolent approach

4. Wrote Letter from Birmingham Jail

5. Gave I Have a Dream speech at March on Washington

Libertarians and the “Free Market”

1. Advocated for

   1. Limited government

   2. Individual liberty

   3. Free-market capitalism

      1. Minimal government interference, return to laissez-faire

      2. Response to heavy government intervention before, during, and following WWII

         1. Saw as a threat to free market

sit-ins

1. A peaceful protest where blacks would sit in a place where they were denied service, and not leave until they were served, or the store closed

2. 1960, Greensboro 4

3. Used to integrate

   1. restaurants

   2. Hotels

   3. Buildings

   4. Transportations

   5. Libraries

   6. pools

freedom rides

1. Traveled through the South registering Blacks to vote and integrating public places

2. Met with the following by white extremists

   1. Beatings

   2. Bombings

   3. murder

march on washington

1. August 1963

2. 200,000 blacks and whites

3. MLK delivered I Have a Dream speech

4. Nonviolent march on Washington DC

great society

1. Lyndon B. Johnson

2. List of reforms and programs aimed at eliminating poverty and centralizing welfare

   1. Food Stamp Act -1964

   2. National Foundation of the Arts and Humanities - 1965

   3. Medicare - 1965

   4. Medicaid - 1965

   5. Elementary and Secondary Act - 1965

   6. Higher Education Act - 1965

   7. Immigration Act - 1965

   8. Child Nutrition Act -1966

warren court

1. Earl Warren

   1. Supreme Court Chief Justice

      1. 1953-1969

2. Focus on Individual rights

3. Cases

   1. Racial Discrimination

      1. Brown v. Board of Education - 1954

   2. Defendant Rights

      1. Mapp v. Ohio - 1961

      2. Gideon v. Wainwright - 1963

      3. Escobedo v. Illinois - 1964

      4. Miranda v. Arizona - 1966

   3. Reapportionment

      1. Baker v. Carr - 1962

   4. Expression and Privacy

      1. Yates v. United States - 1957

      2. Engel v. Vitale - 1962

      3. Griswold v. Connecticut -1965

civil rights act of 1964

1. Made segregation illegal in

   1. All public facilities including

      1. Hotels

      2. Restaurants

2. Gave federal government additional powers to enforce school desegregation

3. Set up Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

   1. End employment discrimination on basis of

      1. Race

      2. Religion

      3. Sex

      4. National origin

voting rights act of 1965

1. President Johnson

2. Ended literacy tests

3. Set up federal registrars in areas where blacks were kept from voting

counterculture movement

1. Culture of rebellion

2. “Hippies” and “flower children”

3. Dress code

   1. Long hair

   2. Beards

   3. Beads

   4. Jeans

4. Folk and rock music

5. Communal Living

6. Drugs

   1. Hallucinogens

   2. LSDs

   3. Younger people destroyed their lives

      1. Movement fell apart in 1970s

malcolm x

1. Elijah Muhammad

2. Black Muslim

3. Preached

   1. Black nationalism

   2. Separatism

   3. Self-improvement

4. Criticized MLK as “subservient to whites”

5. Advocated self-defense

6. Author of The Ballot or Bullet

7. Killed in 1965

black power

1. Black pride

2. Black liberation didn’t require white acceptance

3. Separatism

4. Self-defense

5. Black Panther Party

   1. 1966

   2. Founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale

chicano movement

1. Civil rights and empowerment movement by Mexican Americans

2. 1960s-1970s

3. Leaders

   1. Cesar Chavez

   2. Dolores Huerta

   3. Rodolfo Gonzalez

   4. Jose Angel Gutierrez

the women’s movement

1. Caused by

   1. Increased education and employment for women

   2. civil rights movement

   3. Sexual revolution

2. Poorly enforced anti discriminatory laws

   1. Equal Pay Act of 1963

   2. Civil Rights Act of 1964

3. Equal Rights Amendment

   1. 1972

   2. Proposed Constitutional Amendment

   3. "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex."

   4. Wasn’t ratified

4. Led to

   1. Better hiring practices

   2. Higher numbers of female fulfillment in professional careers in male-dominated fields

the feminine mystique

1. Betty Friedan’s Book

2. 1963

3. Encouraged middle-class women to seek employment on top of filling traditional roles

4. Gave women’s movement new direction

betty friedan

1. Author of The Feminine Mystique 

2. Helped found National Organization for Women (NOW)

   1. Aimed to secure equal treatment for women

the environmental movement

1. Called for government to address

   1. Pollution

   2. Conservation

   3. Ecological preservation

2. Led to

   1. Earth Day

   2. Environmental Protection Agency

   3. Legislation

      1. Clean Air Act - 1970

      2. Clean Water Act - 1972

      3. Endangered Species Act -1973