Biology 1 Unit 2 Quiz 1 Study Guide

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, definitions, and details from the lecture notes on microscopy, cell theory, cell structures, cell function, transport mechanisms, and examples of biological processes.

What are the characteristics of a Compound Light Microscope?

Uses light to produce images on living and non-living things; can produce color and black and white images.

What are the characteristics of a Dissecting Microscope?

Uses light bulb to produce images on living and non-living things; can produce color and black and white images.

What are the characteristics of a Scanning Electron Microscope?

Uses electrons to produce black and white images; can only work on non-living things.

What are the characteristics of a Transmission Electron Microscope?

Uses electrons to produce black and white images; can only work on non-living things.

What are the three principles of the cell theory?

1. Cells are the basic unit of life. 2. All living organisms are made of cells. 3. All cells come from other cells.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane is semipermeable, controlling what goes in and out of the cell.

What happens to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?

The plant cell becomes plasmolysed.

What happens to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution?

The plant cell becomes turgid.

What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?

The animal cell shrinks.

What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?

The animal cell lyses (bursts).

Name the three forms of passive transport.

1. Simple diffusion. 2. Osmosis. 3. Facilitated diffusion.

Why do you need energy for active transport?

Active transport requires energy (ATP) because it moves substances against the concentration gradient (low to high).

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

The cell wall provides support and protection to the cell.

What is one key difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

What structures are unique to plant cells?

1. Cell wall. 2. Chloroplast. 3. Central vacuole.

What structures are unique to animal cells?

1. Centrioles.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts use energy from the sun to make food through the process of photosynthesis.

What is the function of lysosomes?

Lysosomes break down material for reuse by the cell.

What is the function of mitochondria?

Mitochondria give energy to the cell through cellular respiration.

What is the function of the Golgi body?

The Golgi body modifies and packages materials for movement around the cell.

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that holds the organelles.

What is an everyday example of simple diffusion?

Gas entering your bloodstream.

What is an everyday example of osmosis?

Swelling when skin is submerged in water for too long.

What is an everyday example of facilitated diffusion?

Glucose from food entering blood cells.