Circulatory System and the Heart

Flashcards reviewing the circulatory system, blood vessels, and the anatomy of the

What are the basic functions of the circulatory system?

Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, fights infections, transports water, carries waste, distributes body heat, seals wounds, maintains pH, regulates fluid levels, and transports hormones.

What are the 5 main types of blood vessels?

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins

What is the function, structure, and location of Arteries?

Transport blood AWAY from the heart, have thick, elastic walls with 3 layers, a thick middle smooth muscle layer, and are usually located deep, along bones.

What is the function and structure of Arterioles?

Control blood flow to capillaries, are smaller in diameter than arteries and have thinner walls, have pre-capillary sphincters, and blood may bypass a capillary bed via an arteriovenous shunt.

What is the function and structure of Capillaries?

Connect arterioles to venules, are the site of exchange of all nutrients, gases, and wastes, have very thin walls (1 cell thick) and a surface area in humans of 6,000 m2.

What is Capillary-Fluid Exchange?

Is when Blood pressure forces water out of the blood into the interstitial fluid on the arteriole side and osmotic pressure forces water back into the blood on the venule side.

What is the function and structure of Venules?

Drain blood from capillaries to veins and have thinner walls than veins and less smooth muscle.

What is the function and structure of Veins?

Transport blood TOWARDS the heart, have thinner walls but larger diameter than arteries, and one-way valves prevent blood from flowing backwards.

What are the functions of Arteries and Capillaries?

Carry blood away from the heart, are elastic, and have GAS/NUTRIENT EXCHANGE

What is the function of Veins?

Bring blood towards the heart and have valves to stop blood from moving backwards.

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle

What are the functions of the Right and Left Atrium?

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

What are the functions of the Atrioventricular Valves?

Separate the atria from the ventricles and they open when the atria contract. They prevent the blood from going backwards when the ventricles contract.

What are the types of Atrioventricular Valves?

Tricuspid Valve and Bicuspid Valve

What do the Pulmonary Arteries and Veins do?

The PULMONARY ARTERIES take the deO2 blood to the lungs and The PULMONARY VEINS take the O2 blood to the heart.

What protein carries the Oxygen?

Hemoglobin

What is the Septum?

A muscular wall that separates the right side of the heart from the left side.

Blood is forced through which valve and enters the Aorta?

AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE

What do the Coronary Arteries do?

Takes blood into the heart muscle itself.

What are the Vena Cavae?

The BIGGEST veins that bring the deO2 blood back to the heart.