submission to Allah
Abrahamic religion and one of the fastest-growing religions
in the story of Abraham and Sarah, Ishmael is the “special son”
monotheistic religion
the group of people who follow the Islam religion
the ones who submit to Allah
they believe in the Torah, Bible, and Qur’an (the text of god)
A title that means “successor” or “deputy.”
The --- following Muhamma'’s death, all had known him, used the Qur’an and Muhammad’s actions as guides to leadership. They are known as the “rightly guided ----”.
Abu Bakr
Umar
Uthman
Ali
followers of Muhammad’s example (the word means tradition)
believed the first four caliphs were “rightly guided”
believed the Muslim rulers should follow the Sunna (Muhammad’s example)
claim the Shi’a have distorted the meaning of various passages in the Qur’an
followers of Ali thought a family member should be the successor of Muhammad (the caliph needed to be a descendent of The Prophet)
believed that Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, should have succeeded Muhammad
believed all Muslim rulers should be the descendants of Muhammad
claim the Sunni have distorted the meaning of various passages in the Qur’an
located in the center of Mecca.
It is a stone building standing 50 feet high at the center of the mosque Al-Masjid Al-Haram. Gold doors stand at the entrance of a bare room.
where people can worship one god, the god of Abraham.
People for many years have “pilgrimaged” here, which means it brings many faiths.
It is the “exclusive domain” of Muslims. This is the center of Islam, where they can worship the one god.
built by Adam then rebuilt by Abraham
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ritual stoning
God asked Abraham to sacrifice his son but the devil challenged Abraham not to; he whispers doubts in Abraham ears.
One of the stories says that Abraham threw stones at the devil three different times to get him to go away; now three pillars mark where Abraham stood against the devil. People throw stones to take out temptation and evil out of their lives.
People acknowledge there is good and evil and people want to get rid of the evil.
a family that came to power after Ali
moved the Muslim capital to Damascus where they built the Great Mosque of Damascus
established a rule where a governor was voted for by the public
created the Non-Muslim tax, were not like for it
the society enriched science, language, and math
murdered (poisoned) by the Abbasids and only one (Abd al-Rahman) escaped to Spain and set up the ---- caliphate
came into power in 750 CE after murdering all except for one Umayyad
moved the capital to Baghdad, Iraq
this allowed them access to better trade goods, gold, and intel
the created a strong government with many parts
they were conquered in 1258 CE when the Mongols took siege to Baghdad but before that they had consulted religious leaders and failed to keep control of their vast territory
an empire that collapsed a century ago (from 1299-1923 CE)
dealt with its neighbors by sending people out to create political alliances and ten to military affairs
valued political and military utility over ethnic or religious affinity
Janissaries were their military elite force that was trained (made up of young Christian boys)
the allowed religious freedom to Non-Muslims but there was a tax (Jizya)
the growth and emergence of this empire led to new eras of development in Europe
generally tolerated minorities, a cultural blending of language, trade goods, and architecture
gave women more rights than what was typical during the time
declined due to sons of leaders being raised without education or other worldly knowledge
Muslim dynasty of Turkic-Mongol origin that ruled most of northern India. The 8th century began with a long, bloody clash between Hindus and Muslims in India. For almost three centuries the Muslims were only able to advance as far as the Indus River valley. Around year 1000, well-trained Turkish armies swept into India and established themselves as ruler of an Empire. The rulers were:
Babur
Akbar
Shah Jahan
Shahada: Declaration of faith, only follwing Allah, no other God
Salat: the 5 Prayers that happen through the day
Zakat: oblatory tax
Sawm: Fasting from dawn till dusk during Ramadan
Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca see the Ka’aba
also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad, refers to either a major Abbasid public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad or to a large private library belonging to the Abbasid Caliphs during the Islamic Golden Age.
many new ideas were created here
many languages and texts resided here
taught many people and came up with new innovation/philosophies/ideas