Studied by 72 peopleally
to join in a mutual beneficial relationship
levy
to impose or collect [a tax]
French and Indian War
1754-1763 war between Britain, France, and their allies for control of North America. George Washington learned that British fighting tactics would not work and adapted guerrilla war tactics
Treaty of Paris of 1763
treaty that ended the war between France and Britain
Militia
a group of civilians trained as soldiers who serve in emergencies’ they came from local areas rather than the entire country
Fort Duquesne
French fort on Virginian land that led to fighting
Fort Necessity
British fort built near Fort Duquesne to prepare counterattacks
Proclamation of 1763
issued by King George III in 1763 to restrict colonists from colonizing past the Appalachian Mountains to maintain peace with Natives and keep control over colonists. Disliked by many of the colonists
George Washington
first American hero and general in the American Revolution. Leader of the Continental Army (and the first president of U.S.)
Albany Plan of Union
a plan written by Benjamin Franklin for the 13 colonies to unite against the French and Indian. Rejected for fear that King George III would lose power over colonies.
Proclamation
a public or official announcement
Representation
the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or the state of being represented
tyranny
cruel and oppressive government or rule
repeal
revoke or annul a law or congressional act
boycott
withdraw from commercial or social relations with country, organization, or person as a punishment
Martyr
a person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs
declaration
an announcement, often that is written and official
coerce
to persuade someone forcefully to do something that they are unwilling to do
petition
a document signed by a large number of people demanding or asking for some action from the government or another country
unite
come or bring together for a common purpose or action
unalienable
not transferable to another or not capable of being taken away or denied
Quartering Act
law that required colonists to house all British soldiers in 1765
Sugar Act
in 1764, a law that placed a trade tax on sugar, molasses, and other products imported by colonies
Stamp Act
in 1765, a law that required colonists to buy a stamp for every piece of paper they used, including newspapers, wills, contracts, diplomas, licenses, playing cards, etc. enraged colonists because of taxation without representation
Sons of Liberty
protest group formed in Boston that had around 20-30 members (Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Hancock, Patrick Henry, Paul Revere, Benedict Arnold, Joseph Arnold, etc.) forms of torture and protest included tarring and feathering, hot tea, burning/hanging effigies, destroying homes, etc.
Daughters of Liberty
women signed pledges to boycott British goods, made their own supplies
Declaratory Act
in 1776, law that stated Parliament had supreme power over colonies in “all cases whatsoever”. Passed simply to reassert Parliament’s control over colonial affairs
Townshend Acts
in 1767, law that taxed popular everyday items, such as glass, paint, lead, and tea. Named after Charles Townshend
Boston Massacre
on March 5, 1770, a group of colonists threw snowballs at soldiers and started a scuffle. Messy fight and 5 colonists died, including Crispus Attucks. John Adams stood up for soldiers and colonists were very angry.
Tea Act
in 1773, law that gave the East India Company the exclusive right to sell tea to the colonists.
Boston Tea Party
on December 16, 1773, Sons of Liberty dressed up as Native Americans and threw 342 chests of tea in the Boston Harbor
Coercive/Intolerable Acts
harsh laws passed in 1774 to punish the Massachusetts colony, including Boston Harbor being closed down, trials being held in England, and the Quartering Act now applied to all colonies. DID NOT WORK ON THE COLONISTS.
Patriots
group of people ready to separate from England
Loyalists/Tories
People who are loyal to England
First Continental Congress
September 5 - October 26, 1774, 56 colonial leaders met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to discuss about relationships with England and drafted the Declaration of Rights. They decided to keep boycotting goods and train colonial militias for war
Declaration of Rights
document stating the basic rights of colonists written at the First Continental Congress
Patrick Henry
“Give me liberty or give me death!”
Midnight Ride
Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott travelled to Concord and Lexington to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock of British movements. Also warned militia in Concord of the threat. April 18, 1775
Battle of Lexington
8 colonists died and is seen as a British victory. Fired the first shot of the revolution (shot heard around the world)
Battle of Concord
Americans considered this battle an encouraging start, because British suffered around 74 losses and 200 wounded compared to 49 dead and 41 wounded for the colonists
Second Continental Congress
After King George III refused to listen to the colonies, they held a second meeting, where they created the Continental Army with George Washington in charge and created the Olive Branch Petition as the last attempt to restore the relationship. King George III refuses to read it.
Olive Branch Petition
The colonists’ last attempt at restoring their relationship with England; King George refused to read it. Written at the Second Continental Congress.
Battle of Bunker Hill
a battle at Breed’s Hill Charlestown, Massachusetts on June 17th, 1776 over control of Boston Harbor. “Don’t fight until you see the whites of their eyes” British victory because colonists ran out of gunpowder. Fighting over Boston Harbor
Common Sense
a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that convinced thousands of colonists that independence from Britain was “common sense”
Declaration of Independence
the official document that stated that the colonies were separating from England and WHY they were separating. Drafted by Thomas Jefferson.
Thomas Jefferson
part of the congress and the one who drafted the Declaration of Independence.
Note
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