Chapter 1 exam-LOM

Prefix

-attached to the beginning of a medical term to modify the unique meaning derived from a root

-often indicated number, direction, orientation, time, negation

Root

fundamental meaning of a medical term (core) of the word

Combining vowel

-used to ease pronunciation- always an "o"

-a combining vowel is used to connect two word roots or a word root and a suffix (if suffix doesn't have its vowel)

-not used to connect a prefix and word

Suffix (word ending)

Suffix is attached to end of a root(or rarely to prefix) to modify its meaning. Suffix often indicates a procedure or instument

All medical words must have a suffix

-itis

-ic

-pathy

-logy

Most medical terms have at least one root

-hepat

-gastri

-encephal

-hemat

Medical terms that don't have a root

apnea(a-prefix +pnea-suffix)

anemia(an-prefix+ emia-suffix)

Some medical terms do NOT have a prefix or combining vowel, although they all have suffix

hepatic and gastritis

Combining vowels

-used to connect two roots or a root and a suffix

-ex) -encephalopathy and hematology

When a suffix begins with a vowel, the combining vowel is usually omitted

-hepatic

-gastritis

-encephalopathy

-hematology

Prefix can be directly attached to a root without the combining vowel "o"

Subhepatic- sub/hepat/ic

Two word roots MUST be connected with a vowel, regardless the root has its own vowel or not

rule

Hemat/o/logy

hemat-root(means blood)

o-combining vowel

logy-suffix(means process of studying)

Electr/o/cardi/o/gram

electro-root(means electricity)

o-combining vowels

cardi-root(means heart)

gram-suffix(means record to information generated from an analyzer)

Gastr/itis (no -o)

gastr-root(means stomach)

itis-suffix(means inflamation)

Sub/gastr/ic

sub-prefix(means under)

gastr-root(means stomach)

ic-suffix(means pertaining to)

Arthritis

arthr/itis

intravenous

intra/ven/ous

osteitis

oste/itis

osteoarthritis

oste/o/arthr/itis

subhepatic

sub/hepat/ic

osteopathy

oste/o/pathy

arthropathy

arthr/o/pathy

hepatitis

hepat/itis

aden/o

gland

anthr/o

joint

bi/o

life

carcin/o

cancerous/cancer

cardi/o

heart

cephal/o

head

cerebr/o

cerebrum

cis/o

to cut

crin/o

to secrete

cyst/o

urinary bladder

cyt/o

cell

der/o or dermat/o

skin

electr/o

electricity

encephal/o

brain

enter/o

intestines

erythr/o

red

gastr/o

stomach

glyc/o

sugar

gnos/o

knowledge

gynec/o

woman,female

hemat/o or hem/o

blood

hepat/o

liver

iatr/o

treatment, physician

leuk/o

white

log/o

study of

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

onc/o

tumor

ophthalm/o

eye

oste/o

bone

path/o

disease

ped/o

child

psych/o

mind

radi/o

x-rays

ren/o

kidney

rhin/o

nose

sarc/o

flesh

sect/o

to cut

thromb/o

clot,clotting

ur/o

urinary tract,urine

Suffix-ac,al

pertaining to

suffix-algia

pain

suffix-cyte

cell

suffix- ectomy

excision, removal