Phenol and derivatives

Phenol and derivatives

• Protein precipitant

• Remains the standard to which the activity of most germicidal substances is compared

protein precipitation

moa of phenol derivatives

Phenol coefficient

–ratio of a disinfectant to the dilution of phenol required to kill a given strain of Salmonella typhi

Phenol

Carbolic acid

Phenol

• Germicide (prostoplasmic poison)

• Cauterize small wounds (mixed w/ 4% glycerin)

• Local anesthetic action but caustic 0.1 to 1% conc.

• Antipruritic in phenolated calamine lotion Antiseptic (Joseph Lister)
  
  these are uses of?

4%

Phenol can be used to cauterize small wounds (mixed w/ __ glycerin)

0.1% to 1%

Phenol can be used as antipruritic in phenolated calamine lotion in concentrations of ___ to ___

increase bactericidal activity

Substitution with alkyl, aryl and halogen (specifically para groups) in, will do what to phenol

Straight chain alkyl groups

Which are more effective for phenol, branch or straight chain alkyl groups

• precipitate bacterial proteins

• -lysis of bacterial cell membrane

low conc. of phenol can? while high conc. of phenol can?

1:15

Phenol is soluble in what ratio in water

thymol and menthol

Phenol can form eutectic mixtures with many substances including ___ and ___

Liquefied phenol

simple phenol containing 10% of water - is convenient for adding phenol to various pharmaceutical preparation

10%

Liquefied phenol is simple phenol containing ___ water

preclude its used in fixed oils or liquid petroleum

disadvantages of the 10% water properties in liquefied phenol

P-chlorophenol

used in combination with camphor in liquid petroleum as an external antiseptic and anti irritant

4

P-chlorophenol has phenol coefficient of about ??

Chloro-m-Xylenol (PC-MX, Metasep)

• nonirritating antiseptic agent

• broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties

• marked in a 2% concentration as a shampoo

2%

PC-MX is marked __% concentration as shampoo

PC-MX

Used topically for the treatment of tinea (ringworm) infections such as athlete’s foot and jock itch

Eugenol

• local anesthetic effect

• antiseptic in mouthwashes

• dental analgesic

• Phisohex

• Gemophen

• Surgicon

Hexachlorphene (2,2-methylenebis (3,4,6-trichloro) phenol) aka?

gram + bacteria

Hexachlorphene (Phisohex, Gemophen, Surgicon) is very effective against?

low

Hexachlorphene (Phisohex, Gemophen, Surgicon) is antiseptic in low or high concentration?

2-3%

Hexachlorphene (Phisohex, Gemophen, Surgicon) is formulated in what percentage for soaps, detergent creams, lotions, and shampoos for variety of antiseptic uses

bonus

bonus

biphenolic compounds

Which is generally more potent, Biphenolic compounds such as hexochlorphene or the corresponding monophelic counterpart

Chlorine

what content of hexachlorphene further increases its potency

• infants bathed with it

• burn patients cleanse with it

Hexochlorphene is neurotoxic in?

Cresol

• is a mixture of three isomeric methylphenols (ortho-, meta-, para-isomers)

• obtained from coal tar or petrolatum by alkaline extraction into aqueous medium, acidification, and fractional distillation

Chlorocresol

• 4-chloro-3-methylphenol

• is slightly soluble in water

• at low concentration at aqueous media, the compound is only useful as a preservative

Thymol

• is isopropyl m-cresol

• extracted from oil of thyme

• has fungicidal properties and used in alcoholic solution or dusting powder for treatment of tinea infection

oil of thyme

Thymol is extracted from

Resorcinol

• m-dihydroxybenzene (Resorcin)

• weak antiseptic

• 1 to 3% used in solution and in ointment

• pastes in concentrations of 10 to 25% for the treatment of skin conditions such as ringworm, eczema, psoriasis, and seborrheic dermatitis

1-3%

Resorcinol is __ to __ used in solution and in ointment

10 to 25%

resorcinol is used as pastes in concentrations of _____ for the treatment of skin conditions such as ringworm, eczema, psoriasis, and seborrheic dermatitis

Hexyresorcinol, USP

• 4-Hexyresorcinol

• antiseptic and mild anesthetic (throat lozenges)

• bactericidal and fungicidal

• surfactant

• phenol coefficient of hexylresorcinol against S. aureus is 98

98

• phenol coefficient of hexylresorcinol against S. aureus is __