What is an assumption of this course and the text?
Behavior must be interpreted in the context of the environment.
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2
As assumption of this course is that individuals’ lives show ______ and _______ as they develop over time.
continuity, change
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3
The term plasticity refers to:
the capability of being shaped and molded
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4
Longer life expectancy is related to:
a more gradual transition to adult roles
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5
What sense provides the earliest link between infants and mothers?
Hearing
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6
What might an infant do that would provide evidence that **Habituation** has occurred?
Have less of a response each time they see the same red teddy bear
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7
The Visual Cliff paradigm was originally thought to measure fear responses in infants. What does the **Visual Cliff** paradigm actually measure?
Depth perception
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8
What is Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development?
Too difficult for child to do alone but possible with help
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9
What was the *strange situation* paradigm designed to measure?
attachment
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10
Two-word sentences such as “Have bear” and “Daddy sleep” are examples of:
telegraphic speech
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11
Which of the following is true about boys and girls?
Girls tend to mature at earlier ages than boys.
Boys tend to be sexually active at younger ages than girls.
As they grow older, girls tend to report more depressive symptoms than boys.
**ALL**
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12
Piaget's Pendulum Problem was designed to test whether adolescents had developed what skill?
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
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13
What is true about brain development?
Brains develop back to front
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14
What is the last of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Formal operational stage
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15
What does intersex mean?
Intersex refers to a range of atypical physical sex characteristics
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16
What is defined by integrated cognitive, social, emotional, or behavioral patterns that are influenced by culture?
Gender
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17
Self-understanding moves from Categorical to Comparative in Early School Age. What is an example of **Comparative** self understanding?
I am taller than most other kids
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18
What are Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?
Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
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19
A parent is trying to discipline their toddler for hitting another child at the playground. What approach would be best?
Tell the child that hitting is not okay because it hurts others. Set a 3-minute timer for a “time out.”
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20
What describes the parenting style of “inductions”
Explaining why the behavior was wrong
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21
What does the Marshmallow Test measure?
Delayed gratification
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22
What is an example of overregularization (a grammar error)
I “runned” fast
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23
What is the Psychosocial Crisis of Toddlerhood?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
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24
What is an example of a higher order emotion?
Guilt
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25
A group of people who are roughly the same age during a particular historical period are referred to as:
a cohort
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26
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is considered the highest level or most advanced human achievement of needs?
Self-actualization
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27
What is an example of a "coercive escalation" conflict style?
a style of interaction in which the probability that a negative remark will be followed by another negative remark increases as the chain of communication gets longer and longer
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28
During the early years of a child's life, their parents/guardians will, on average:
have less leisure time to spend together
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29
What is the combination of the 3 types of love (Sternberg)?
Consummate love
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30
What is the “sandwich generation”?
Adults who are sandwiched between caring for their children and their parents.
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31
According to developmental psychology research, what couples will have the highest rates of marital satisfaction?
A couple with high congruence (birds of a feather)
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32
What refers to age norms and expectations for particular roles or behaviors, e.g., being “on time”?
social clock
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33
A group of people who are roughly the same age during a particular historical period are referred to as:
cohort
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34
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is considered the highest level or most advanced human achievement of needs?
self-actualization
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35
What is an example of a "coercive escalation" conflict style?
a style of interaction in which the probability that a negative remark will be followed by another negative remark increases as the chain of communication gets longer and longer
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36
During the early years of a child's life, their parents/guardians will, on average:
have less leisure time to spend together
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37
What is the psychosocial crisis of infancy?
Trust vs. mistrust
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38
What is the psychosocial crisis of early school age?
Initiative vs. guilt
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39
What is the psychosocial crisis of middle childhood?
Industry vs. inferiority
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40
What is the psychosocial crisis of early adolescence?
Group identity vs. alienation
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41
What is the psychosocial crisis of later adolescence?
Identity vs. role confusion
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42
What is the psychosocial crisis of early adulthood?
Intimacy vs. isolation
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43
What is the psychosocial crisis of middle adulthood?
Generativity vs. stagnation
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44
What is the psychosocial crisis of later adulthood?
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