Becoming You: Human Development Across the Lifespan

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What is an assumption of this course and the text?

Behavior must be interpreted in the context of the environment.

As assumption of this course is that individuals’ lives show  ______ and _______ as they develop over time.

continuity, change

The term plasticity refers to:

the capability of being shaped and molded

Longer life expectancy is related to:

a more gradual transition to adult roles

What sense provides the earliest link between infants and mothers?

Hearing

What might an infant do that would provide evidence that **Habituation** has occurred?

Have less of a response each time they see the same red teddy bear

The Visual Cliff paradigm was originally thought to measure fear responses in infants. What does the **Visual Cliff** paradigm actually measure?

Depth perception

What is Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development?

Too difficult for child to do alone but possible with help

What was the *strange situation* paradigm designed to measure?

attachment

Two-word sentences such as “Have bear” and “Daddy sleep” are examples of:

telegraphic speech

Which of the following is true about boys and girls?

Girls tend to mature at earlier ages than boys.

Boys tend to be sexually active at younger ages than girls.  

As they grow older, girls tend to report more depressive symptoms than boys.

**ALL**

Piaget's Pendulum Problem was designed to test whether adolescents had developed what skill?

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning

What is true about brain development?

Brains develop back to front

What is the last of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Formal operational stage

What does intersex mean?

Intersex refers to a range of atypical physical sex characteristics

What is defined by integrated cognitive, social, emotional, or behavioral patterns that are influenced by culture?

Gender

Self-understanding moves from Categorical to Comparative in Early School Age. What is an example of **Comparative** self understanding?

I am taller than most other kids

What are Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

Preconventional, conventional, postconventional

A parent is trying to discipline their toddler for hitting another child at the playground. What approach would be best?

Tell the child that hitting is not okay because it hurts others. Set a 3-minute timer for a “time out.”

What describes the parenting style of “inductions”

Explaining why the behavior was wrong

What does the Marshmallow Test measure?

Delayed gratification

What is an example of overregularization (a grammar error)

I “runned” fast

What is the Psychosocial Crisis of Toddlerhood?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

What is an example of a higher order emotion?

Guilt

A group of people who are roughly the same age during a particular historical period are referred to as:

a cohort

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is considered the highest level or most advanced human achievement of needs?

Self-actualization

What is an example of a "coercive escalation" conflict style?

a style of interaction in which the probability that a negative remark will be followed by another negative remark increases as the chain of communication gets longer and longer 

During the early years of a child's life, their parents/guardians will, on average:

have less leisure time to spend together

What is the combination of the 3 types of love (Sternberg)?

Consummate love

What is the “sandwich generation”?

Adults who are sandwiched between caring for their children and their parents.

According to developmental psychology research, what couples will have the highest rates of marital satisfaction?

A couple with high congruence (birds of a feather)

What refers to age norms and expectations for particular roles or behaviors, e.g., being “on time”?

social clock

A group of people who are roughly the same age during a particular historical period are referred to as:

cohort

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is considered the highest level or most advanced human achievement of needs?

self-actualization

What is an example of a "coercive escalation" conflict style?

a style of interaction in which the probability that a negative remark will be followed by another negative remark increases as the chain of communication gets longer and longer

During the early years of a child's life, their parents/guardians will, on average:

have less leisure time to spend together

What is the psychosocial crisis of infancy?

Trust vs. mistrust

What is the psychosocial crisis of early school age?

Initiative vs. guilt

What is the psychosocial crisis of middle childhood?

Industry vs. inferiority

What is the psychosocial crisis of early adolescence?

Group identity vs. alienation

What is the psychosocial crisis of later adolescence?

Identity vs. role confusion

What is the psychosocial crisis of early adulthood?

Intimacy vs. isolation

What is the psychosocial crisis of middle adulthood?

Generativity vs. stagnation

What is the psychosocial crisis of later adulthood?

Ego integrity vs. despair

What is the psychosocial crisis of elderhood?

Immortality vs. extinction