13-World War 2

Battle of El Alamein

Stops Germany from getting Suez Canal - North Africa turning point. The victory went to the British

Luftwaffe

German's air force

Stalingrad

City in Russia, site of a Red Army victory over the Germany army in 1942-1943. The Battle of ______ was the turning point in the war between Germany and the Soviet Union.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

32nd US President - He began New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation's leader during most of WWII

Operation Barbarossa

codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.

Battle of Britain

UK stood alone against Germany. German Luftwaffe bombed UK to "soften" it for invasion and break moral "the Blitz" London nightly bombings It was the continuous bombing.

Vichy France

Southern Pro-Nazi French; govern themselves as loyal to nazis; traitors to the Free French in N. France

Blitzkrieg

German word for lightening war. All and out attack with constant explosions from the air and land.

Winston Churchill

British statesman and leader during World War II

Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941

Bataan Death March

April 1942, American soldiers were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps by their Japanese captors. It is called the Death March because so may of the prisoners died en route.

Island Hoppinig

U.S. using the Pacific islands as stepping stones toward Japan

Battle of Midway

U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.

Genocide

Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group

Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Big Three

Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin; as they represent the U.S., Great Britain and the U.S.S.R.

D-Day

June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.

Battle of the Bulge (1944)

Last major German offensive
200k Germans vs. 80k allies
delayed allies advance 2 months, allies and soviets coming at germans, paris liberated

V-E Day and V-J Day

Victory in Europe Day on May 8, 1945 and Victory in Japan Day on August 15, 1945

Yalta Conference (1945)

FDR, Churchill and Stalin. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War

Harry Truman

Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Two Japanese cities on which the U.S. dropped the atomic bombs to end World War II.

Nuremberg Wars Crimes Tribunals

Were international military tribunals held after WWII in from 1946 onwards, which tried accused Nazi war criminals for crimes against humanity.

Over speculation

buying stocks for more than what their worth

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.

Stock Market Crash

Another leading component to the start of the Great Depression. The stock became very popular in the 1920's, then in 1929 in took a steep downturn and many lost their money and hope they had put in to the stock.

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

Public works

projects such as highways, parks, and libraries built with public funds for public used during The Great Depression.

Communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

Nazism

Adolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian ideas and was used to unite Germany during the 1930s.

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

radar

a system that uses reflected radio waves to detect objects and measure their distance and speed that was created during WWII

Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

collective bargaining

negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees.

totalitarian state

country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people

Concentration Camps

Prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately.

Aryan Race

The pure Germanic race, used by the Nazis to suggest a superior non-Jewish Caucasian typified by height, blonde hair, blue eyes

Appeasement

A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler.

Mobalization

the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war

Isolationism

A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

Kamikaze

Japanese suicide pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and crashed them into American ships.

Cold War (1945-1991)

Period of time after WWII where nuclear threats and confrontation were high between the USA and USSR, rather than actual warfare

Collaborator

A person who assists the enemy

Collectivization

a system in which private farms are eliminated and peasants work land owned by the government

neutrality

4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of international incidents

Gulags

Forced labor camps set up by Stalin in eastern Russia. Dissidents were sent to the camps, where conditions were generally brutal. Millions died.

Invasion of the Rhineland

Germany's first action that breaks the Treaty of Versailles. Area was rich in industry

Normandy Inv

AKA D-day. The American and British invasion of France in World War II; Normandy is a province of northern France. The successful invasion began a series of victories for the Allies, and Germany surrendered less than a year later

VE Day

Victory in Europe (May 8, 1945), and Victory in Japan (August 15, 1945).

Manhattan

Code name for the American commission established in 1942 to develop the atomic bomb. The first experimental bomb was detonated on July 16, 1945, in the desert of New Mexico. Atomic bombs were then dropped on two cities in Japan in hopes of bringing the war to an end: Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.

Yalta Conference

FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War

Nuremberg

A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity.

Over sp

buying stocks for more than what their worth

defic

Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes