Music History Test 2

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The French Baroque

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58 Terms

1

The French Baroque

Did not like Italian Opera, they had the Court Ballet. French thought they were more distinguished than the Italians.

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2

J. B. Lully and opera

Took control of the Academie Royale de Musique in 1672. Wrote operas that were popular to both the average audience and politicians.

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3

Academie Royale de Musique

Helped with the development and presentation of french opera.

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4

Tragedie en Musique/ Tragedie lyrique

Synonymous terms for french opera.

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5

French overture

Instrumental overture to an opera in two parts or in binary form.

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6

Binary Form

|: a :|: b :|{overture}

A section: simple homo-rhythmic style with melody in the top voice. Slower and stately

B: Faster in Fugal

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7

Notes inegales & overdotting

Unequal notes. The baroque version of swing. This is improvised not written. Dots increase the length of notes.

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8

French Recitatif

French recitative, they did not like the italian version of this. The Italian version didn’t fit with the french language so Lully made two types; simple and conversational. In the middle of italian recitative and aria.

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9

French dance suite (ordre)

Most prominent keyboard music. Allamande, Courante, Sarabande, Gigue.

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10

Agréments

French ornamentation on individual notes.

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11

Armide excerpts

Opera written J. B. Lully.

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12

Twenty-Fifth Ordre

Keyboard Suite by Francois Couperin

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13

The English Baroque

Encompassed various genres of music such as the masque and anthem

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14

Masque

Court entertainment combining dance, poetry, songs, ensembles, and recitatives. Masques could be alone but they are typically within plays. It’s entertainment for a party within a play.

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15

Henry Purcell

English Composer that incorporated italian and french elements. English Opera composer.

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16

Dido & Aeneas excerpts

Opera written about Jason and Dido who are lvrs by Henry Purcell.

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17

Anthem

English music written for secular purposes. Mostly for ceremonial purposes.

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18

Italian Vocal Genres

Neapolitan opera and Cantata idk what he wants study guide is vague

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19

Neapolitan Opera

In Naples, developed two types recitative and used ternary form. Alessandro Scarlatti is an important composer.

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20

Ternary form

| Recitative | Aria | Recitative | Aria | they are in pairs

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21

Two kinds of recitative (italian)

Recitativo secco/semplice and accompagnato

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22

Recitativo Secco/ Semplice

Dry or simple. Only one continuo group. Used for conveying information

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23

Recitativo Accompagnato

Accompanied by at least the string group if not the full orchestra. Heightened sense of emotion

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24

Da capo aria

Series of recitative aria pairs. Interesting hybrid. Binary as written but ternary as performed. | A | B | Da capo al Fine | with an ornamented return to the A section.

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25

Cantata

Chamber Music in Rome. A Scarlatti is the most prominent composer of these. A work for 1, 2, or 3 soloists and continuo.

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26

Clori vezzosa e bella

Cantata written by A. Scarlatti.

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27

Instrumental Music

Became more prominent in this time period. Sonata, Concertos, toccatas, and fugues

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28

Sonata (two types)

Camera and Chiesea

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29

Camera Sonata

Chamber sonata. Stylized, abstract movements

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30

Chiesea Sonata

Opposite of the Camera; there is a plan. Four movements alternating slow, fast, slow, fast

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31

Sonata (two scorings)

Solo sonata: continuo is one melodic instrument in continuo

Trio Sonata is two melodic instruments and continuo

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32

Sonata da chiesa plan

Alternating movements of slow, fast, slow, fast

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33

Arcangelo Corelli

Created a huge push in the popularity of sonatas and concertos. Really liked suspensions

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34

Trio Sonata, Op. 3 No. 2

Trio Sonata by Arcangelo Corelli

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35

Fugue

Fuga is the term for flight or imitation. One term is fleeing from the other. Imitation is a compositional principle. Final form of a baroque independent fugue was reached with the standardization of major minor tonality.

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36

Exposition

Initial presentation of a theme

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37

Subject

Recognizable melody upon which a composition is based. Potentially introduced in the exposition.

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38

Countersubject

First voice finishes subject, second voice is typically playing the answer, what the initial voice is playing is typically referred to as the countersubject

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39

Episodes

Connecting passage of music in a fugue

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40

Concerto

Solo instrument and full ensemble.

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41

Concerto grosso

Small group of soloists and full ensemble

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Concerto grosso plan

Fast movement, slow movement, fast movement

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43

Tutti/ripieno

Terms for a group in a concerto

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44

Soli/concertino

terms for soloists in a concerto

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45

Ritornello form

Tutti | Soli | Tutti | Soli | Tutti

[ritornello] [episode] [ritornello] [episode] [ritornello]

Tonic key | modulation | contrast key | modulation | tonic key

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46

ritornello

recurring tutti section in an ensemble. short instrumental refrain or interlude.

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47

tonic key

if you are in music history two you should know what the mf tonic is

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48

modulation

leads to the contrast key

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49

contrast key

different key. probably closely related

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50

Prelude/Toccata

Interchangeable names. Most organ preludes were these. A keyboard work made up of several different sections usually alternating imitative and improvisatory style.

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51

Buxtehude Preludium

Prelude for organ written by Buxtehude

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52

Orchestral suite

Composers were influenced by Italian and French styles. They picked up the idea of a suite. They started writing suites of dances for orchestras not organized in any particular order.

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53

Antonio Vivaldi

Venice’s leading musician. Music director of one of the cities for orphanages. Wrote a shit ton of sonatas and concertos to the point of standardizing the ritornello form and double violin concertos.

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54

Concerto in G Minor

Concerto for violin by A. Vivaldi

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55

Couperin & ordre

Keyboard dance piece by F Couperin

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56

Rameau

Jean-Phillip. A french organist who LOVED opera and became successful at it after becoming a composer for france’s richest musical patron in 1731

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57

Hippolyte et Aricie

opera by J P Rameau premiered at Academie Royal Musique in france.

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58

Traite de l'harmonie

How to write music in a tonal system by J P Rameau

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