Music History Test 2

The French Baroque

The French Baroque

Did not like Italian Opera, they had the Court Ballet. French thought they were more distinguished than the Italians.

J. B. Lully and opera

Took control of the Academie Royale de Musique in 1672. Wrote operas that were popular to both the average audience and politicians.

Academie Royale de Musique

Helped with the development and presentation of french opera.

Tragedie en Musique/ Tragedie lyrique

Synonymous terms for french opera.

French overture

Instrumental overture to an opera in two parts or in binary form.

Binary Form

|: a :|: b :|{overture}

A section: simple homo-rhythmic style with melody in the top voice. Slower and stately

B: Faster in Fugal

Notes inegales & overdotting

Unequal notes. The baroque version of swing. This is improvised not written. Dots increase the length of notes.

French Recitatif

French recitative, they did not like the italian version of this. The Italian version didn’t fit with the french language so Lully made two types; simple and conversational. In the middle of italian recitative and aria.

French dance suite (ordre)

Most prominent keyboard music. Allamande, Courante, Sarabande, Gigue.

Agréments

French ornamentation on individual notes.

Armide excerpts

Opera written J. B. Lully.

Twenty-Fifth Ordre

Keyboard Suite by Francois Couperin

The English Baroque

Encompassed various genres of music such as the masque and anthem

Masque

Court entertainment combining dance, poetry, songs, ensembles, and recitatives. Masques could be alone but they are typically within plays. It’s entertainment for a party within a play.

Henry Purcell

English Composer that incorporated italian and french elements. English Opera composer.

Dido & Aeneas excerpts

Opera written about Jason and Dido who are lvrs by Henry Purcell.

Anthem

English music written for secular purposes. Mostly for ceremonial purposes.

Italian Vocal Genres

Neapolitan opera and Cantata idk what he wants study guide is vague

Neapolitan Opera

In Naples, developed two types recitative and used ternary form. Alessandro Scarlatti is an important composer.

Ternary form

| Recitative | Aria | Recitative | Aria | they are in pairs

Two kinds of recitative (italian)

Recitativo secco/semplice and accompagnato

Recitativo Secco/ Semplice

Dry or simple. Only one continuo group. Used for conveying information

Recitativo Accompagnato

Accompanied by at least the string group if not the full orchestra. Heightened sense of emotion

Da capo aria

Series of recitative aria pairs. Interesting hybrid. Binary as written but ternary as performed. | A | B | Da capo al Fine | with an ornamented return to the A section.

Cantata

Chamber Music in Rome. A Scarlatti is the most prominent composer of these. A work for 1, 2, or 3 soloists and continuo.

Clori vezzosa e bella

Cantata written by A. Scarlatti.

Instrumental Music

Became more prominent in this time period. Sonata, Concertos, toccatas, and fugues

Sonata (two types)

Camera and Chiesea

Camera Sonata

Chamber sonata. Stylized, abstract movements

Chiesea Sonata

Opposite of the Camera; there is a plan. Four movements alternating slow, fast, slow, fast

Sonata (two scorings)

Solo sonata: continuo is one melodic instrument in continuo

Trio Sonata is two melodic instruments and continuo

Sonata da chiesa plan

Alternating movements of slow, fast, slow, fast

Arcangelo Corelli

Created a huge push in the popularity of sonatas and concertos. Really liked suspensions

Trio Sonata, Op. 3 No. 2

Trio Sonata by Arcangelo Corelli

Fugue

Fuga is the term for flight or imitation. One term is fleeing from the other. Imitation is a compositional principle. Final form of a baroque independent fugue was reached with the standardization of major minor tonality.

Exposition

Initial presentation of a theme

Subject

Recognizable melody upon which a composition is based. Potentially introduced in the exposition.

Countersubject

First voice finishes subject, second voice is typically playing the answer, what the initial voice is playing is typically referred to as the countersubject

Episodes

Connecting passage of music in a fugue

Concerto

Solo instrument and full ensemble.

Concerto grosso

Small group of soloists and full ensemble

Concerto grosso plan

Fast movement, slow movement, fast movement

Tutti/ripieno

Terms for a group in a concerto

Soli/concertino

terms for soloists in a concerto

Ritornello form

Tutti | Soli | Tutti | Soli | Tutti

[ritornello] [episode] [ritornello] [episode] [ritornello]

Tonic key | modulation | contrast key | modulation | tonic key

ritornello

recurring tutti section in an ensemble. short instrumental refrain or interlude.

tonic key

if you are in music history two you should know what the mf tonic is

modulation

leads to the contrast key

contrast key

different key. probably closely related

Prelude/Toccata

Interchangeable names. Most organ preludes were these. A keyboard work made up of several different sections usually alternating imitative and improvisatory style.

Buxtehude Preludium

Prelude for organ written by Buxtehude

Orchestral suite

Composers were influenced by Italian and French styles. They picked up the idea of a suite. They started writing suites of dances for orchestras not organized in any particular order.

Antonio Vivaldi

Venice’s leading musician. Music director of one of the cities for orphanages. Wrote a shit ton of sonatas and concertos to the point of standardizing the ritornello form and double violin concertos.

Concerto in G Minor

Concerto for violin by A. Vivaldi

Couperin & ordre

Keyboard dance piece by F Couperin

Rameau

Jean-Phillip. A french organist who LOVED opera and became successful at it after becoming a composer for france’s richest musical patron in 1731

Hippolyte et Aricie

opera by J P Rameau premiered at Academie Royal Musique in france.

Traite de l'harmonie

How to write music in a tonal system by J P Rameau