Did not like Italian Opera, they had the Court Ballet. French thought they were more distinguished than the Italians.
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J. B. Lully and opera
Took control of the Academie Royale de Musique in 1672. Wrote operas that were popular to both the average audience and politicians.
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Academie Royale de Musique
Helped with the development and presentation of french opera.
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Tragedie en Musique/ Tragedie lyrique
Synonymous terms for french opera.
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French overture
Instrumental overture to an opera in two parts or in binary form.
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Binary Form
|: a :|: b :|{overture}
A section: simple homo-rhythmic style with melody in the top voice. Slower and stately
B: Faster in Fugal
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Notes inegales & overdotting
Unequal notes. The baroque version of swing. This is improvised not written. Dots increase the length of notes.
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French Recitatif
French recitative, they did not like the italian version of this. The Italian version didn’t fit with the french language so Lully made two types; simple and conversational. In the middle of italian recitative and aria.
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French dance suite (ordre)
Most prominent keyboard music. Allamande, Courante, Sarabande, Gigue.
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Agréments
French ornamentation on individual notes.
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Armide excerpts
Opera written J. B. Lully.
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Twenty-Fifth Ordre
Keyboard Suite by Francois Couperin
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The English Baroque
Encompassed various genres of music such as the masque and anthem
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Masque
**Court entertainment combining dance, poetry, songs, ensembles, and recitatives. Masques could be alone but they are typically within plays. It’s entertainment for a party within a play.**
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Henry Purcell
English Composer that incorporated italian and french elements. English Opera composer.
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Dido & Aeneas excerpts
Opera written about Jason and Dido who are lvrs by Henry Purcell.
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Anthem
English music written for secular purposes. Mostly for ceremonial purposes.
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Italian Vocal Genres
Neapolitan opera and Cantata idk what he wants study guide is vague
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Neapolitan Opera
In Naples, developed two types recitative and used ternary form. Alessandro Scarlatti is an important composer.
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Ternary form
| Recitative | Aria | Recitative | Aria | they are in pairs
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Two kinds of recitative (italian)
Recitativo secco/semplice and accompagnato
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Recitativo Secco/ Semplice
Dry or simple. Only one continuo group. Used for conveying information
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Recitativo Accompagnato
Accompanied by at least the string group if not the full orchestra. Heightened sense of emotion
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Da capo aria
Series of recitative aria pairs. Interesting hybrid. Binary as written but ternary as performed. | A | B | Da capo al Fine | with an ornamented return to the A section.
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Cantata
Chamber Music in Rome. A Scarlatti is the most prominent composer of these. A work for 1, 2, or 3 soloists and continuo.
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Clori vezzosa e bella
Cantata written by A. Scarlatti.
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Instrumental Music
Became more prominent in this time period. Sonata, Concertos, toccatas, and fugues
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Sonata (two types)
Camera and Chiesea
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Camera Sonata
Chamber sonata. Stylized, abstract movements
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Chiesea Sonata
Opposite of the Camera; there is a plan. Four movements alternating slow, fast, slow, fast
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Sonata (two scorings)
Solo sonata: continuo is one melodic instrument in continuo
Trio Sonata is two melodic instruments and continuo
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Sonata da chiesa plan
Alternating movements of slow, fast, slow, fast
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Arcangelo Corelli
Created a huge push in the popularity of sonatas and concertos. Really liked suspensions
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Trio Sonata, Op. 3 No. 2
Trio Sonata by Arcangelo Corelli
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Fugue
Fuga is the term for flight or imitation. One term is fleeing from the other. Imitation is a compositional principle. Final form of a baroque independent fugue was reached with the standardization of major minor tonality.
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Exposition
Initial presentation of a theme
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Subject
Recognizable melody upon which a composition is based. Potentially introduced in the exposition.
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Countersubject
First voice finishes subject, second voice is typically playing the answer, what the initial voice is playing is typically referred to as the countersubject
recurring tutti section in an ensemble. short instrumental refrain or interlude.
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tonic key
if you are in music history two you should know what the mf tonic is
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modulation
leads to the contrast key
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contrast key
different key. probably closely related
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Prelude/Toccata
Interchangeable names. Most organ preludes were these. A keyboard work made up of several different sections usually alternating imitative and improvisatory style.
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Buxtehude Preludium
Prelude for organ written by Buxtehude
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Orchestral suite
Composers were influenced by Italian and French styles. They picked up the idea of a suite. They started writing suites of dances for orchestras __not organized in any particular order.__
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Antonio Vivaldi
Venice’s leading musician. Music director of one of the cities for orphanages. Wrote a shit ton of sonatas and concertos to the point of standardizing the ritornello form and double violin concertos.
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Concerto in G Minor
Concerto for violin by A. Vivaldi
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Couperin & ordre
Keyboard dance piece by F Couperin
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Rameau
Jean-Phillip. A french organist who LOVED opera and became successful at it after becoming a composer for france’s richest musical patron in 1731
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Hippolyte et Aricie
opera by J P Rameau premiered at Academie Royal Musique in france.
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Traite de l'harmonie
How to write music in a tonal system by J P Rameau
Studied by 41 people
